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What I want to do is get you to appreciate the unique perspective that you will get from studying solid-state chemistry.
我要做的是，让你们,欣赏领会到它独特的远景,在学习固体化学的过程中。
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And we try to just have a community where undergraduates majoring in chemical engineering can come together
我们就想为化学工程的本科生建立一个让他们能聚在一起的组织，
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As soon as you allow anything to mix, like you might if you want to do any chemistry, entropy changes.
只要你允许物质混合，就像你做任何化学实验的时候要做的，熵就会发生变化。
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So, normally at this point, we do actually start class with a little bit of history from alchemy to modern chemistry, but I decided to skip that this year.
通常在这个时候,我们要从一些从炼金术,到现代化学的历史出发正式开始我们的课程。
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It's all chemical processes. Second, pardon me, second is batteries.
这都是化学的过程，第二，不好意思，第二是电池。
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It might be hard to mesh this with the conception in which all actions are the result of neurochemical physical processes.
将上述事情,与所有的行为,都是神经化学生理过程的结果,这样的概念联系在一起是有些困难的
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Chapters 2 and 4 are really reviews of things that you probably already know something about, so they're reviews of basic chemistry.
第二章和第四章是对,一些你可能已经知道的,基础化学,蛋白质及生物化学知识的复习
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These are things that must be taken in from the environment because your body cannot manufacture them and they promote specific chemical reactions in the body.
这些都是必须从外界摄取的物质,因为无法通过自身合成,它们能促进体内特定的化学反应
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So, all you will have the opportunity to solve differential equations in your math courses here. We won't do it in this chemistry course. In later chemistry courses, you'll also get to solve differential equations.
你们在数学课中有机会,遇到解微分方程,我们在这化学课里就不解了,在今后的化学课程里，你们也会遇到解微分方程的时候。
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In the biochemical reactions that are taking place in your body, there is equilibrium between a whole myriad of reactants and products, and thank heavens that gets maintained.
在我们身体内进行的,生物化学反应中，大量的反应物和产物,也是处于平衡状态，谢天谢地实际情况就是这样。
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Depending on what kind of chemistry you go in to, you might accidentally memorize parts of the table, which is fine, but what you really want to know how to do is know how to use the periodic table.
取决于你今后从事哪个方向的化学研究，你可能会不经意地记住周期表的某一部分，这就够了，但是要注意,你真正需要知道的是如何使用元素周期表。
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I'm an organic chemist, so I love carbon, it's one of my favorite atoms to talk about, but it would be nice to get to the point of bonding and even reactions to talk about all the exciting things we can think about once we're at that point.
我是个有机化学家，我喜欢碳原子，这是我最喜欢谈论的原子之一，但我更喜欢讲成键,甚至化学反应的概念,一旦到了这之后,我们就可以考虑各种激动人心的事情。
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.091 has a syllabus that is unlike general chemistry taught anywhere else on the planet.
。091的课程大纲与这个地球,其他地方的化学概论课不一样。
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Isotopes have the same chemical identity but different nuclear properties.
同位素有相同的化学特性,但是原子属性不同。
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PROFESSOR: Okay, so before we get to some of these course policies, I think I'll tell you a little bit about my path to chemistry as well.
教授：好,在我们讲这门课的相关政策之前,我也先和你们说说我怎么走上化学的道路的。
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It turns out that neurons relate to one another chemically in a kind of interesting way.
原来神经元之间,是通过奇妙的化学方式,而相互联系的
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Most chemical changes, most physical changes don't happen in isolated systems.
但是大部分的化学反应,并不是发生在孤立系统中的。
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So, these are all the fundamentals that are involved in chemistry that relate to physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biological chemistry, and are a solid foundation for studying any kind of life science.
所必须知道的最基本的化学知识,这些都是和物理化学,有机化学，无机化学，生物化学有关的基础知识,也是学任何生命科学的基础。
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In fact, there's a whole chemistry department full of loony chemistry professors.
实际上，整个化学系全是,狂热的化学教授。
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The thesis of 3.091, and this is where the chemistry comes in, is that electronic structure of the elements holds the key to the understanding, not just the chemical bonding, but the long range atomic order.
这是这门课的论点，这是化学的研究点，也就是元素的电子结构,那即是理解的关键，不只是化学键，还有长程的原子排序。
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You make not small changes in their chemistry but big changes in their chemistry.
它们的化学性质,就会发生巨大的改变
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Now, the differences here may be subtle in terms of chemical composition or if you put these cells under a microscope and looked at their analysis.
干细胞与祖细胞化学成分的区别,还非常微小,除非你把细胞放在显微镜下,或者看细胞分析报告
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And if you've forgotten about proteins and what their structure is you can go to Chapter 4 and read sort of a brief review of protein biochemistry.
如果你们忘记了蛋白质及结构的相关知识,就去读第四章,关于蛋白质生物化学的简短综述
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Now this is the basis of a physical chemistry process called hybridization.
这正是所谓核酸分子杂交的,物理化学反应的基础
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If a cell has a gene that makes it resistant to Ampicillin, that means that that micro-organism can survive being exposed to this normally deadly chemical without dying.
如果细胞带有一种基因,能够让它对氨苄青霉素产生抗性,即使把它放在,有致死剂量化学物质的环境中,它也能存活下来
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So, practitioners who understood what we would know to be chemistry were highly valued in that society. And then, you may expand it to other chemical processes, dyeing of cloth, glassmaking, and metals extraction.
所以，理解我们所知为化学的,先行者们，在那个社会是,非常宝贵的，当时，你可能将其扩展到另一个化学过程，如布料的染色，玻璃的制造，还有金属提取。
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Philosophers and psychologists knew for a long time that getting smacked in the head could change your mental faculties; that diseases like syphilis could make you deranged; that chemicals like caffeine and alcohol can affect how you think.
哲学家和心理学家在很久以前便知道,头部受到重创,会改变你的心理官能,像梅毒这样的疾病可以让你精神错乱,像咖啡因和酒精这样的化学药品,可以影响到你的思维
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Now that's pretty far fetched and not many people would say that a pop tart should be a controlled substance and regulated by government, but there are some very interesting chemical properties associated with foods like this that trigger things going on in the brain that affect us in a very big way.
这多少有点牵强,而且也没有很多人会认为,这种果酱馅饼应归为管制品,并受到政府监管,但有趣的是这种食品,确实有一些特别的化学特性,它会作用于大脑并会对我们产生大的影响
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Another is how much it's processed and how if you take things that started out as food like wheat or corn, and then they're processed many different ways, and things are added to them or done to them that change their chemical properties, does that affect whether we would consider them food?
另一个是它们被加工过程和程度,比如对于用来食用的麦子和玉米,有很多种加工方式,可以向它们添加一些东西,或进行一些加工去改变它们的化学性质,这会影响我们去判断它们是否为食品吗
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This is - what this diagram shows you is-- the forces that hold these individual strands of DNA into a double stranded form.
你们可以看看这个图表,演示了连接两条DNA长链为双螺旋,结构的化学力
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