You know from experience if you've ever mixed them to make salad dressing, they don't mix too well. And you may know that if you heat them up, they mix much better.

经验告诉我们,你无法把它们混合做成色拉酱调料，他们不会很好的混合，但是你也知道,如果我们把他们加热，就能够混合的更好。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

W1 So I have my initial state, my final state, W1 my initial state, my final state here.

再加热，做功，对系统做的总功是。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

You've taken all the proteins inside the white of the egg, for example, you raise the temperature.

对蛋清部分所有的蛋白质,比如说进行加热

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now to make that happen, it's not adiabatic, right. If I wanted to do that, I'd need a heating element or something to cool, so I could make that temperature change happen, right.

要实现这点，它就不会是绝热的，对吧，如果我想做到这点,我需要一个加热元件或什么制冷的东西,这样我才能让温度变化。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If the temperature drops below a certain level it sends a signal, 'turn on the heat', and that signal stays on until it gets a negative signal to turn off.

如果温度降到一定程度以下时,探测器会发送一个信号,打开加热器,直到加热器再收到关闭的信号,它就会一直开着

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And so, we have this cartoon. Again, we have an open beaker and a candle, and we're putting only heat into this beaker, T2 and the temperature goes from T1 to T2.

好的，我们要再次利用这幅图，这有一个敞开的烧杯和一根蜡烛，我们对烧杯加热，温度从T1上升到。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The native structure is this double stranded structure here and if I heat it up slightly and I add some base, so under slightly basic conditions, these molecules will fall apart because you've created conditions where the hydrogen bonding is no longer favorable so they peel apart.

原始结构,在这里就是指DNA双链,如果我稍微加热,并且加入一些碱,在弱碱性的条件下,这些配对碱基会分开,这是因为在一定条件下,碱基对之间的氢键,不再稳定并且会断裂分开

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You break the seal between them and feel the thing get cold, for example, right.

如果你买了制冷或加热包,你打开它们之间的封条。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

That great deal of specificity implies that heat is also path-dependent and again we have the convention that if heat is added to the system, the quantity is greater than zero.

热也是与路径有关的,根据通常的习惯,如果我们对系统加热，其符号取为正。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We use a liquid helium. And so in order to make a liquid helium, you can't take helium at room temperature and do this, because if you did, you would just heat it up, because the room temperature is above the inversion temperature, so Joule-Thomson would heat up the helium.

为了得到液氦,不能再常温,做这个实验,否则就是加热氦气，因为室温高于它的转变温度,所以焦耳-汤姆孙，实验会加热氦气。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选