What you've built is an engine. You cool, you heat, you heat, you cool, you get back to the same place, but you've just done work to the environment.

这就是热机，我们用燃料或者热源加热，然后把它，与大气接触让它冷却。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Or I could have a non-adiabatic, I could take the same temperature change, by taking a flame, or a heat source and heating up my substance. So, clearly q is going to depend on the path.

也能改变温度，绝热指的是没有热传递，在非绝热条件下，也同样可以升温,比如用火或者热源加热，这样，q也应当与路径有关。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选