What I want you to remember is that specific sub-populations of cells get activated, the activation results in a specific response.

我希望你们记住的是,一些特定的细胞亚群受到刺激时,被激活细胞将引起特定的应答

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That ligand was one for which the cell had a receptor that further encouraged it to produce more of the ligand.

对于带有对应受体的细胞来说,这种配体能够刺激细胞产生更多的配体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

What insulin is doing inside your body is acting as a ligand for insulin receptors which stimulate certain kinds of cellular responses.

胰岛素在体内的功能就是作为,胰岛素受体的配体,刺激产生某种细胞效应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, what that really means, you know, from last week's lecture, is that the vaccine stimulates these particular cells in your immune system to give you immunity.

所以,这就意味着,通过上周的课程,你们知道,疫苗通过刺激免疫系统中的,特定细胞来使人获得免疫力

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It's a protein that's produced by other cells in the body and when it's enriched in a certain area it stimulates more production of red blood cells.

这种蛋白由体内的另一种细胞生成,而当其在某处富集时,就会刺激红细胞生成

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So it stimulates these myeloid cells to develop along this pathway.

它就是在髓细胞的发育过程中,发挥刺激生成作用的

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Erythropoietin, commonly called Epo and its function is to treat anemia because it stimulates blood cell production.

促红细胞素生成素,通常简称为EPO,它的作用是刺激红细胞生成,从而能够治疗贫血

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The antibody that they stimulate is antibody that's specific to this antigen that was presented earlier.

这些由辅助性T细胞,刺激增殖产生的抗体是,对应之前出现的抗原而产生的

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So not all of the B-cells that are stimulated become plasma cells or antibody secreting cells.

所以,并不是所有的B淋巴细胞,被刺激分化成为,浆细胞或是抗体分泌细胞

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In the case of the helper cells they stimulate a specific population of B-cells to mature into antibody producing cells, and that antibody is generated against the antigen that stimulated it.

以辅助性T细胞为例,辅助性T细胞刺激特定的B细胞,使这些细胞成长为抗体分泌细胞,抗体分泌细胞产生大量的抗体,以消灭大量增殖的抗原

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Now, these Th-cells, helper T-cells, go on to stimulate B-cells, and it's these B-cells that become the mature antibody producing cells that make quantities of antibody that fill up in your body.

这些辅助性T细胞,进一步刺激B淋巴细胞,从而使这些B淋巴细胞,逐渐发育成成熟的抗体生成细胞,可在体内产生大量抗体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The memory cells, which are stimulated, lead to an IgG response and that's why IgG is the antibody of-- that is produced predominantly after the boost, but there is some IgM produced also.

记忆细胞受到刺激之后,可以诱发分泌IgG的应答反应,这也是为什么IgG,是接种疫苗后产生的主要抗体,与此同时也刺激产生了一些IgM

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So, either stimulates the production of-- and differentiation of B-cells, to produce a specific antibody that can neutralize the virus, or stimulates the production of cytotoxic T-cells that can kill infected cells within your body.

所以,疫苗的刺激要么能够,促进B淋巴细胞产生和分化,以生成特定的抗体来杀灭病毒,要么刺激T细胞释放细胞毒素,杀死身体里被感染的细胞

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