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We're going to talk about how they're prepared, but it's a preparation that is intended to stimulate your immune system.
我们会讲它们是如何做准备的,它通过刺激你的免疫系统来进行准备
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Because you think it's thrilling.
因为你觉得这事很刺激。
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But the presence of the dog there is a conditioned stimulus and so you grew to be afraid of dogs.
而这时狗的存在就变成了条件刺激,所以你开始对狗心生恐惧。
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So a vaccine is designed in order to engage that biology, in order to provide antigens that will stimulate specifically your immune system.
所以疫苗的作用就是参与这个生理活动,提供抗原 来刺激你的免疫系统
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Do you have any views on the fiscal side of things the government is talking now 850 billion dollar package, the mix of fiscal stimulus, tax cuts, and the like?
你对政府财政是怎么看的,例如，财政刺激,减税等，8500亿的刺激计划？
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Last time, I invited you to think about life on the experience machine, where the scientists are busy stimulating your brain in such a way as to give you an exact replica, from the insides of what it would be like having identical experiences to the ones you would have if you were really doing-- well, whatever it is that's worth doing.
上节课，我要你们思考,体验机里的生活，科学家们用它刺激你的大脑,给你一份完美的体验复制品，从体验相同的经历,到体验在现实生活中-,值得做的事情。
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So, if somebody pokes you with a stick and you say, "Ouch," because it hurts, the poking and the "Ouch" is an unconditioned stimulus causing an unconditioned response.
如果有人用棍子戳你，你会因为疼而叫出来，戳的动作和你的喊叫“,这就是无条件刺激引起了无条件反射。
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It's important to notice something when it's new because then you have to decide whether it's going to harm you, how to deal with it, to attend to it, but you can't keep on noticing it.
能够注意到新鲜事物的出现是非常重要的,因为你需要确定它是否会对你造成伤害，需要确定如何去处理这个新鲜刺激，但你不能一直去注意它。
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And even all the economists agree that most people will just do that and not spend it, There's a... -So you hear about the stimulus package and it neither enourages you nor outrages you You just shrug, and yawn and go on with your life. -Yea.
几乎所有的经济学家都一直认为,大部分人都会这么做，这个，-这么说这项一揽子刺激计划,并不引起你的兴趣,你只是耸耸肩，打个哈欠，事不关己的样子,生活该怎么过还是怎么过，-正是。
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for why you became afraid of dogs is that one day a dog came up and he was a neutral stimulus.
你之所以害怕狗,是因为，某天有只狗向你跑来,狗是一个中性刺激。
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The difference is in positive reinforcement you do something; in negative reinforcement you take away something aversive.
区别就是，在正强化中你接受某种刺激;,而在负强化中你回避了某种厌恶刺激。
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There are sensory neurons, which take information from the world so as you see me, for instance, there are neurons firing from your retina sending signals to your brain.
感觉神经元,负责收集外界信息,比如,当你看到我的时候,视网膜上的神经元会产生神经冲动,将刺激信号传递到你的大脑
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Well, you show the thing that would cause you to have the fear without the unconditioned stimulus.
找出在非条件刺激不存在的情况下,能够使你感到恐惧的东西。
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And those words mean different things: immunogenic means that it stimulates your immune system for a response; pathogenic means that it causes a disease.
这两个词有不同的意义,免疫效应是指,刺激免疫系统产生免疫应答,致病性意指它能使你患病
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There will be no war in a couple of years uh..If you look at the stimulus package, the one thing it is not done is stimulating.
未来几年将不会有发战争财的机会,呃，如果你看刺激计划，它没有做到的一件事情就是刺激市场。
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Part of the thrill has got to be-- or so it seems to me-- part of the thrill has got to be the very fact that they now have an increased risk of death.
有部分刺激应该是-,或者在我看来-,其中部分刺激来源于,你死亡的风险增加了。
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And also, it's useful because harmful stimuli are noticed but when something has shown itself to be part of the environment you don't notice it anymore.
而且它还是非常有用的,因为危险刺激会吸引到你的注意,但当某物被视为环境的一部分时,你便不会再去注意到该物体。
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It predicts that the best timing is when the conditioned stimulus, which is the signal, comes before the unconditioned stimulus, which is what you have to prepare for.
它预测，最佳的时机,莫过于作为信号的条件刺激，出现在需要你做准备的，非条件刺激之前。
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The cell body sums it up and you could view it arithmetically.
胞体将刺激信号总和起来,你可以从数学的角度来看待它
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When you're on the experience machine, you've got-- your brain is being stimulated in such a way that you've got the identical experience on the inside to what it would feel like if you really were doing these things.
当你在体验机器上时-,你的大脑受到的刺激,让你在机器里获得,和真正做那些事时一模一样的体验。
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There is a crossover and this is important when we think about the studies that will follow but the crossover is that everything you see in the left visual field goes to the right side of your brain; everything in the right visual field goes to the left side of the brain, and similarly, there's a crossover in action.
大脑中存在着交叉,这对于我们考虑下面的一些相关研究,是非常重要的,交叉是指呈现于你左视野中的刺激,会投射到你的右脑,呈现于你右视野中的刺激,会投射到你的左脑,同样,行为上也存在着交叉的关系
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