The strings are now metallic but sixteenth, seventeenth to eighteenth century they would have been made out of cat or sheep gut.

弦现在是金属的,但在十六,十七,到十八世纪,弦是用猫肠或羊肠线制作的

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

He did not ever imagine the abandonment of the table of ranks, which set everybody in a hierarchy, not for a minute-- we're talking about the end of the end of the 17th and 18th century.

他绝不会想要抛弃一个,把每个人都划分阶层的等级社会,从来没有动过这个念头,我们说的是在十七世纪末到十八世纪初

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The Netherlands also resisted absolutism, and the Dutch Republic remained the Dutch Republic; although, for reasons that we'll see later, the Dutch Republic ceases to be a great power in the 18th century.

荷兰抵制绝对统治的政体,保留了共合制,然而,后面我们将说到,荷兰共和国在十八世纪没落了

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选