So, let's think of the energy of interaction when we're comparing atomic orbitals to molecular bonding orbitals.

当我们比较原子轨道和分子轨道的时候,我们来考虑一下相互作用能。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

if we have a very electronegative atom within a certain molecule, what you'll actually find is that it does affect how the molecule is going to take place or take part in different chemical or biological reactions.

如果在某个分子中有一个电负性很高的原子，你会发现它确实会影响到,这个分子所起的作用,在不同的化学反应或者生物反应中时。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

You make the volume infinitely large, the density of the gas infinitely small.

密度无限小，气体分子之间的相互作用。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Many neurotransmitters that carry signals between neurons in your brain work this way.

在脑部神经元细胞中,传递信号的神经递质分子的,作用原理就是如此

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So that the attractive forces can exert themselves a little bit.

所以这个相互作用,能够对分子自己产生作用。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

In general, inside of a cell molecules move by a process called diffusion.

总的来说,细胞内的分子通过扩散作用来移动

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now, one of the advantages of having second messengers is this is one way that you can integrate between different receptor systems that are acting inside a cell.

使用第二信使分子的好处在于,它能够将,作用于细胞内部不同的,受体系统结合起来

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But you need to be able to predict what kind of properties a certain atom's going to have within a molecule, whether you're talking about something, for example, that's very electronegative, or something that is not electronegative at all, it is going to make a difference in terms of thinking about how molecules are structured and also how they interact with other molecules.

但是你需要能够预言，什么性质,某个原子在分子中能够具有，无论你讨论的是哪一种情况，比如，它有很高的电负性，还是它根本没有电负性，都将会产生影响,对这个分子的结构,以及与其它分子相互作用的情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

They effectively have no volume.

分子之间也没有相互作用力。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

I mean, if the energy is lower to occupy a smaller volume, then if I have this room and a bunch of molecules of oxygen, and nitrogen and what have you in the air, and there are weak attractions between them, why don't they all just sort of glum together and find whatever volume they like.

我的意思是，如果占据小的体积会使能量降低，如果我有这样一个空间,和一些氧气，氮气和其他空气中有的气体，并且分子之间还有微弱的相互作用，为什么他们不黏在一起,然后占据他们所想要占据的体积。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

There are 100 of these molecules, when a receptor gets activated a kinase activity gets activated, the kinase acts on the protein, the protein gets switched on, something new starts to happen inside the cell.

有一百个这样的分子,当受体被激活,激酶被激活后,激酶作用于蛋白,使蛋白活化,细胞中就会发生一些新变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So the real pressure is not quite the same because of this attractive force as it was, as it would be without the attractive forces.

气体压强,由于分子间的吸引作用,会比理想气体要小,这样，我们应该修正p的值。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选