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And the cause of some thermodynamics have even been applied to economics, systems out of equilibrium, like big companies like Enron, you know, completely out of equilibrium, crash and burn.
热力学中的一些观点,甚至被应用到经济学中，非平衡态系统，比如像安永那样大公司,彻底偏离平衡态,最后破产了。
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The problem is, if your brokerage firm fails you could lose a lot; you could lose your cash account and your security account.
可问题是,一旦经纪公司破产,你可能损失惨重,赔光你现金账户和证券账户上所有的资金
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If the company gets too leveraged then there's too high a probability that the company will fail and there are costs to bankruptcy.
如果公司的杠杆率太高,那么公司倒闭的可能性会极高,然后会产生破产费用
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It means the company went bankrupt and never paid; otherwise, the coupons would have been clipped.
这意味着那家公司破产了,无法兑现,否则,息票肯定会被剪掉
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You could lose that because Goodbody & Company is going bankrupt; it doesn't have it anymore.
因为古德巴迪公司破产了,这部分钱将会损失,不再存在
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In the SIV contract, there was some language that implied that if the SIV ever went bankrupt, the bank would come back and rescue them.
结构投资公司的合同中包含着这样的条款,如果结构投资公司破产,银行会拯救他们
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Goodbody & Company was a broker, but it failed in 1970, it went bankrupt.
古德巴迪公司就是经纪商,不过在1970年破产了
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But you know, you kind of wonder if that's a good example for fire insurance because if the whole city burns down, then insurance companies would go bankrupt anyway, right?
但是你也许会疑惑,对于阐述火险来说,这是不是个好例子,因为如果整个城市被烧毁,那么保险公司就会破产,对吧
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Now,which firms do you think went out of business?
你们认为哪些公司破产了呢
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If a company--if its stock sells for less than its assets are worth then the company maybe should be broken up and the assets taken and given somewhere else because the low stock price indicates a problem.
如果一家公司---如果它的股票卖的,比它的资产价值低,那么这家公司也许就应该破产，并且,它的资产就应该被占用或分配到其他地方,因为低的股票价格预示着一个危机。
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A company, according to Modigliani and Miller, has to weigh their tax considerations against their bankruptcy costs and get an optimum debt-equity ratio out of that.
根据MM理论,一家公司,必须在租税考量与破产成本之间进行权衡,然后得出最有利的负债权益比
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