But now, imagine that we are living in the early years of a polis sometime in the eighth century B.C.

但是,现在想象一下,假如我们生活在公元前八世纪

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

In fact, we have some claim, and a Roman writer later on, that there was a treaty back in the eighth century B.C.

实际上,之后一个罗马作家,写到过一些声明,公元前八世纪在埃维厄岛几个城邦之间

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

It was probably produced there in the eighth century, and that is supported by the fact that Deuteronomy has affinities with the writings of some prophets we'll be looking at later from the Northern Kingdom of the eighth century, such as the prophet Hosea, and we'll see this when we look at Hosea's writings.

它也许是在八世纪产生的，这被,申命记与一些先知的作品的紧密联系,这个事实所支持我们稍后会从八世纪的北部王国,开始仔细的讲，例如何西阿先知,我们会在学习何西阿的作品时学习它。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Some of them were alive in the ninth and certainly some of them were alive in the time of Homer in the eighth.

有些生活在九世纪 当然,还有些生活在荷马所在的八世纪

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Now, in some time in that period of the Dark Ages, and Hanson would suggest, I think, probably around the eighth century is the greatest transition.

有时候在黑暗时代,我认为汉森同样会表明,大概在八世纪,人类历史经历了最伟大的转变

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

I think it's in the eighth century that Hanson points out is relevant here.

根据汉森提出的相关理论,我推测它应该在八世纪左右

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

He does tell you all about the legends first, but he puts them aside and says they're just legends--now let's talk history, and he doesn't begin that until the eight century B.C.

他先将神话传说展示给读者,然后将其放到一边,对读者说,这些只是神话而已,现在咱们说说历史,而他讲的历史是从公元前八世纪开始的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Just almost all the islands in that sea are inhabited by Greeks, mostly by the Greeks that came in that first wave of immigrants earlier on, not colonized during the eighth century and afterwards.

那片海域的诸岛上居住的几乎都是希腊人,他们大多都是早期的,第一批移民,而非八世纪以后的殖民者

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

One was Calkis and the other one was Eretria and we hear about them relatively early in the eighth century, already being very important, very strong and fighting each other in a famous war that they fought.

卡尔基斯和埃雷特里亚,人们早在八世纪就对它们有所耳闻,那时,它们很重要,很强大,在一场著名的战争中相互敌对

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

There is no writing in Greece from let us say 1100 or so on until the middle of the eighth century B.C., rough date 750 and then the writing that they do have is completely unrelated to the writing that was lost.

没有文字记载的时期是从,公元前一千一百年左右到,公元前八世纪中叶,差不多是公元前七百五十年,而之后他们拥有的文献,就完全与那些遗失的史料脱钩了

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

I say that a typical phalanx is eight; however, by the time you get down to the fourth century and people are doing all kinds of new and innovative things, we hear that the left wing of the Boeotian army at Leuktra was fifty men deep.

常见的方阵有八行,然而四世纪时,人们进行了一系列的革新,听说在洛伊克特拉城皮奥夏人的军队,左翼纵深五十排

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选