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We're going to talk about how they're prepared, but it's a preparation that is intended to stimulate your immune system.
我们会讲它们是如何做准备的,它通过刺激你的免疫系统来进行准备
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So, just an introduction to the classes of potential foreign invaders that our immune system tries to defend us against.
所以 我只是简单介绍几类,免疫系统试图抵御的潜在外来侵略者
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It's how quickly, how promptly we can recover from these painful emotions-- in other words, how strong our psychological immune system is.
区别在于他们能够多么迅速，多么快速地从痛苦情绪中恢复过来-,换言之，我们的心理免疫系统有多强。
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This is a way for the immune system to recognize things that are going wrong inside the cell protected from antibodies.
这是免疫系统识别,抗体不能识别的细胞内病变的方法
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In the immune system you could think of it as an even more complex set of outcomes that occur.
免疫系统是一个,有更多复杂结果的大集合
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People have tried to produce viruses that are different, adenoviruses for example, that your immune system can't recognize.
人们尝试制造一些不同的病毒,就拿腺病毒来说,让免疫系统无法识别
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In fact, the people who have been most important in understanding how the innate immune system works are people here at Yale.
事实上 在研究先天免疫系统,反应机理中,最重要的科学家就在耶鲁
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Usually it's done by taking all or part of the infectious agent, and showing them to your immune system in some way.
通常它会带着全部或部分抗原介质,并以某种方式呈递给你的免疫系统
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This is commonly used in the immune system as well, but it's a way of amplifying a signal.
免疫系统也常使用这种方法,但这主要是一种放大信号的方式
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It's simply your psychological immune system will become stronger, hopefully already by the end of this semester.
只是你的心理免疫系统会变得更强，希望在本学期未就见成效。
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That is, mix it with things which make it more make your immune system respond more strongly.
也就是说,增大剂量以使,你的免疫系统产生强烈的反应
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Then, your muscle cells would start producing Hepatitis B surface antigen and your immune system recognizing that's a foreign protein would start responding to it.
于是,肌肉细胞将会,开始制造乙肝表面抗原,然后免疫系统就会识别出,那是外来蛋白质并且产生免疫应答
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And our psychological immune system strengthens when we give ourselves the permission to be human.
我们的心理免疫系统会加强,当我们准许自己为人时。
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The immune system that we're used to thinking about is called the adaptive immune system, and the adaptive immune system does just that.
我们过去认识的免疫系统部分,现在被称为获得性免疫系统,获得性免疫系统功能如下
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What happens when that recognition takes place is that your immune system gets activated, and the activation that happens usually involves two things.
当识别进行时会发生什么呢,那时免疫系统会激活,免疫系统的激活通常包含两个过程
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So, I have a bacteria infection, stimulates my immune system, I start making antibodies that bind to an antigen specific to that bacteria.
所以 如果我被细菌感染了,我的免疫系统被激活,开始制造抗体,这些抗体结合到细菌特异性的抗原上
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It's not just that your whole immune system gets revved up and it's going to respond more rapidly to any antigen it's exposed to.
并不是整个免疫系统都得以加强,免疫应答会对,以前接触过的抗原做出的应答更加迅速
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Other cells in the immune system recognizing that this is a foreign molecule, but is being presented in the context of a 'self' cell.
免疫系统中的其他一些细胞,识别到它是非己物质,但它已经被识别为己方细胞
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The response to the second exposure in antigen is different in a couple of ways.
第二次接触相同抗原,免疫系统的应答,在以下几个方面是不同的
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But talk about sort of engineering the immune system, how to produce immunity in individuals.
讨论免疫系统的构成,以及个体是如何产生免疫力的
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And so this slide just illustrates that in a simple way, the range of different kinds of organisms that your immune system is trying to--whoops!
这个幻灯片只是简要概括了,各种不同微生物的范围,你的免疫系统正在尝试,噢
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So these organisms like this are abundant in the world around us and our immune system prevents us from getting sick most of the time.
在我们周围充斥着像这样的生物体,而免疫系统在大多数时候能够抵御疾病
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I want to talk about the immune system for the rest of the time here.
剩下的时间 我想谈一下免疫系统
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The reason for that complexity is because your immune system needs to be able to respond to all the potential foreign invaders that we could encounter.
整个系统之所以如此复杂是因为,免疫系统需要应对所有,我们要面对的来犯之敌
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Our immune system's function is to keep us healthy in the face of an environment where there are lots of things that could potentially harm us.
我们免疫系统的功能就是保持自身健康,在面对危机四伏的环境时,使我们免受伤害
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This will lead us into a discussion of sort of bioengineering of the immune system, in particular, and we're going to talk next week about vaccines.
我们会借此展开对,免疫系统的生物医学工程化的讨论,下周我们将讲到疫苗
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The immune system is stronger, so it also helps in terms of physical health.
免疫系统更强，所以对身体健康也有帮助。
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Okay, this week we're going to continue in our discussion about the immune system.
好,这一周我们将,继续讨论免疫系统
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That shouldn't be too surprising given what we talked about last week, that your immune system, the adaptive immune system in particular, responds to individual antigens differently.
你们不必惊讶,上周我们讲过免疫系统,特别是适应性免疫系统,对不同抗原的应答是具有特异性的
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It has to be complex, because we're asking the immune system to be able to respond to every potential foreign pathogen that we come into contact with.
免疫系统是十分复杂的,因为我们需要免疫系统,能够对我们身体接触到的,任何潜在的外来病原体进行反应
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