What oriental? That means mainly the Tigris and Euphrates, Mesopotamia, Syria,all those older civilizations and much more advanced civilizations than the Greek.

哪个东方,这主要指底格里斯河和,幼发拉底河文明,美索不达米亚文明,以及叙利亚文明等这些旧文明,它们都比希腊先进的多

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The reason for that was that in the east and in south, the Greeks lived among people who were more civilized than they, who were more advanced.

究其原因,在东方和南方,希腊人生活在比他们更文明,更先进的民族中间

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

This civilization, like these other ancient Mediterranean kingdoms, was rather advanced.

这样的文明,与其它古老的地中海文明类似,是相当先进发达的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So you have trade with the Mediterranean and most especially the eastern Mediterranean, because that's where the older, more sophisticated, more civilized cultures were and that's where wealth was too, compared to what was out in the west.

由此你知道了他们与地中海,特别是地中海东部地区有贸易往来,因为在那里有比西方更古老,更先进,更教化的文明,同时相比西方而言,那里也是富裕之地

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

No, they weren't like that, the Greeks were ahead of them and it's evident that they borrowed stuff from the Greeks in every element of life, although it didn't shape their lives in a potent, fundamental way.

不,他们不是文明的,希腊人比他们先进,也有证据表明,他们从希腊人那里学习了生活中的各种东西,虽然这些并未从根本上,有力地改变他们的生活

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选