And this spin is an intrinsic quality of the electron, it's a property that is intrinsic in all particles, just like we would say mass is intrinsic or charge is intrinsic.

自旋是电子的本征量，它是所有粒子的本征性质，就像我们说质量是本征的或者电荷是本征的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It turns out that getting large molecules like this, particularly large charged molecules like nucleic acids, inside of cells is not so easy.

后来证实,将这样的大分子物质,尤其是像核酸这样带有大量电荷的分子,送入细胞不是一件容易的事

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And shielding is a little bit of a misnomer because it's not actually that's the electron's blocking the charge from another electron, it's more like you're canceling out a positive attractive force with a negative repulsive force.

屏蔽有一点点用词不当,因为它事实上不是,电子阻挡了来自另一个电子的电荷,它更像你在用一个负排斥力，抵消一个正吸引力,但是屏蔽是考虑这个问题,的很好的方式。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Also, formal charges can be checked, as I just said.

另外，我们可以检验一下形式电荷是否正确，就像我刚才说的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选