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Okay, so if you're underweight your body is depleting its fat stores and therefore that may make you unhealthy.
你的看法是如果体重过轻,身体会把储存的脂肪消耗尽,因此导致了健康问题
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You reduce a lot of the health risks, if you exercise often.
如果你经常运动的话，它会帮你降低许多健康问题的风险。
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Okay, so the eating disorders that would -might push weight low might be causing some of the health consequences. Yes?
你说的是饮食不规律导致的体重过轻,会引起健康问题,请说
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So one of the first things that I'll argue for in terms of " healthy research is "let's also focus on what is working".
首先，我认为在健康研究方面,主要的问题是“让我们注重可行的方法。
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There's at least some agreement that's going to be better for everybody than a strike, and yet, because they're conflicting interests there, basically in that case conflicting interest about health and pension payments, it could well be that you end failing to coordinate.
签订协议至少比,大家都去罢工要好一些吧,但话说回来,他们也的确存在利益冲突,笼统地讲是有关,健康问题和退休金的利益问题,这很容易会导致协调失败
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Fungi which don't often cause infections in people with healthy immune systems but can under some circumstances, and can be tremendous problems in patients that have weakened immune systems.
真菌在免疫系统健康的情况下通常,不引起感染,但在某些情况下也会感染,那就成了极大的问题,在免疫系统脆弱的病人体内
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The economic health of this country in the long run will be dependent on the economic health of the treasury, of our fiscal situation and we can't get that under control until we get the entitlement crisis under control.
而且这个国家的长期经济健康,会依赖于,国库的经济健康和财政形势的健康,只有控制好津贴的危机,才能控制住这些经济的问题。
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But again, we'll come and talk about this more when we discuss hunger, but there certainly are negative health consequences of undernutrition.
再说一次,我们会在讲饥饿问题的时候,讨论这个话题,营养不良对健康的负面影响不容置疑
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If people don't know which foods are healthy well then it argues for education--but notice that that was almost the lowest ranked thing that people said.
要是人们不知道哪些食物是健康的,这关乎教育问题了,然而值得注意的是,这是大家提及最少的一个原因
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Okay, so it could be that people who were thin don't think they have any thing to worry about might have other health behaviors that are interfering.
你的想法是瘦人认为,自己没什么健康问题好担心的,导致他们作出一些妨害健康的行为
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Questions make a difference, which is why it is also important to ask the positive psychology question, which is the salutogenic question: ? "What is source of health? What is the source of success?
疑问引起改变，因此提问是非常重要的,提出积极心理学的问题很重要，也就是“健康创成“的问题：,“健康源于什么？成功源于什么？
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That creates all sorts of social consequences that we'll talk about sustainability, with shipping water long distances, all the plastic involved, people's distrust of public water systems that's unfounded, and things like that are very interesting and have big public health consequences.
这就产生了很多社会问题,比如我们将要谈到的饮水污染问题,饮用水在长途运输的过程中,会受到各种塑料污染,还有人们对公用自来水系统,毫无理由地不信任,类似这些现象都很有趣,而且会导致重大的公共健康后果
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Can you think of any behavior thing that people might do that would at the same time suppress weight and cause bad health consequences?
大家能想到有什么行为是,一方面抑制体重,另一方面引起健康问题的
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What made things go so awry that people and food used to be more in sync in terms of health and well-being, although there were problems in some ways.
是什么让一切偏离正轨,尽管有些方面存在种种问题,过去人与食物的关系,就健康方面而言,要比现在更为和谐
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And so what people should eat, and what people think they are eating, and what they actually eat is really much different, and that leads to all kinds of problems.
所以人类的健康饮食摄入量,和他们自认为食物摄入量,和人类实际摄入量有巨大差别,这导致了各种问题
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But other people, in fact probably a larger percentage, default to the top option here: that these are personal health issues rather then public health issues; that people are making choices about what they eat, if they make bad choices it's their fault.
不过另一些人,确切说是很大一部分人,把问题归咎于以上几个选项,这是个人健康问题而不是公共健康问题,人们自由选择想吃的东西,即使做了不正确的选择也是他们自己的错
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Now I'm not-- again, this is the kind of detail I'm not expecting you to remember, but it's just an exemplar of this broader issue about how dependence on certain foods leads to nutritional deficiencies that have to get remedied somehow or else people have health problems.
现在,我不是,我并不希望你们能记住这些细节,它们不过是作为一个例子来拓宽,由于依赖某种食物而导致营养不良的问题,要采取弥补措施,不然会引起健康问题
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Or are you going to say that that will only take us so far, and it's the conditions that are messed up, and we have to do something about the conditions to make it easier for people to make healthier choices?
还是认为上述做法见效甚微,问题关键在于混乱的饮食环境,我们应该先改善周遭环境,使得人们更容易作出更为健康的选择
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Now the people in this poll were asked the same question and here's what they said, so 75% said that one reason is that it's more convenient, it's what people like to eat, it's heavily advertised, it's more affordable, people may not know which foods are healthy.
在这个调查中人们也被问到了这个问题,我们来看看他们的答案,75%的人说选择垃圾食品是因为更方便,合乎口味,广告的大力宣传,更便宜,人们可能并不知道哪些食物才是健康的
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What this is, is you take a group of studies on an issue, you pool them all together, and then you weight studies differently depending on factors like how large they were, how good their methods were, and then you come out with overall estimates about the impact of something, in this case the Mediterranean Diet, on health outcomes.
所谓荟萃分析就是将某一问题的一组研究,汇总起来,并根据某些因素,赋予这些研究不同的权重,如基于研究的大小,研究方法的好坏等,然后得出关于某事物的影响的总体评估,在地中海式饮食中就是指健康结果
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The question is "how can I improve my self-esteem, my healthy self-esteem, ? not narcissism of course?
问题是“我如何能提高我的自尊，我健康的自尊，而当然不是自恋？
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We'll loop back as we go through the class to questions about what's gone so horribly wrong, and more important, from a public health point of view, what can be done about it?
当所有的课都上完后我们会再回头看,到底是什么出了问题,更重要的是,从公共健康的角度来看,如何才能纠正这些错误呢
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Why? Because they didn't ask the question that they needed to ask,which was,in that particular case, the salutogenic question: why do some individuals succeed ? despite unfavorable circumstances?
为什么呢？因为他们没有提出这样的问题,这特定情况下，他们应该问这个问题，这个健康本源的问题，为什么有些人,成长环境恶劣，依然能成功？
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But the fact that reducing cholesterol is considered good for you in the first place, depends on these kinds of studies on population intake to know how much cholesterol people are eating and then link it to reports of heart disease, or cancer, or whatever the health outcome is.
但减少胆固醇这个事实,首先对你来说是好的,依据这些关于总体摄入量的研究可以知道,人们摄入胆固醇的多少,关系到心脏疾病,或癌症或其他健康问题
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