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There are groups of people who have studied the impact of Trans fats on health for a number of years.
有些人已对反式脂肪,对健康的影响进行了数年的研究
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So instead of just studying pathologies whether it's in physical health or psychological health, we should also study the origin of health.
也就是说除了研究病理学,无论是生理健康，还是心理健康，还需要研究健康的起源。
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That will give you insight into how these studies are done on diet and health.
这些使你深入了解,该如何研究饮食和健康
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And there is clinical, which is maybe the aspect of psychology that people think of immediately when they hear psychology, which is the study of mental health and mental illness.
最后就是临床心理学,这也许是当人们提到心理学时,最先想到的方面,它主要研究心理健康和心理疾病
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So one of the first things that I'll argue for in terms of " healthy research is "let's also focus on what is working".
首先，我认为在健康研究方面,主要的问题是“让我们注重可行的方法。
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The Nurses' Health Study is more recent and a very prominent study as well.
护士健康研究是一项新近的,也是非常杰出的研究
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He knows the world's literature on diet and health, and he's taken all that information and put together into an eating plan in this particular book.
他研究了全球关于饮食与健康的文献,并在书中把所有的相关信息,汇总成一个饮食计划
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They use food frequency questionnaires, which I mentioned before, surveys, and then biological markers like blood tests of certain things to see how diet is related to health.
研究员还运用食物频率调查表,我之前曾提到过,各类调查以及生物标志物,像是血液检测等手段,来研究饮食与健康之间的关系
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Second, it shows that it-- it weakens to some extent how much faith we can have in studies that link diet to health because of this error that gets introduced.
第二,表明了这在某种程度上消弱了,我们在研究饮食与健康之间联系时的信心,因为误差的出现
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Positive psychology, the field of health psychology is in infancy.
积极心理学，健康心理学的研究还处于初级阶段。
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So a good bit of what we know about diet and health now comes from studies like The Nurses' Health Study, and in the past, from studies like The Framingham Study and The Seven Country Study.
我们现在知道的关于饮食与健康的知识,相当大一部分来自于像,护士健康研究这样的调查,而在过去则是来自像弗明汉研究和,七国研究这样的项目
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Now several lectures down the road we'll talk about modern food and epidemiology; that is what the research on food intake and human health, and what do we know about our health and well-being based on diets.
接下来的几堂课,我们将讨论现代食品和流行病学的关系,即食品摄入与人类健康方面的研究,我们通过饮食来了解自身健康状况
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There was a paper that I wrote with a colleague in globalization and health, and this quote that I--that I'll show you is from that and I'll read it in case it's a little hard to see.
这篇论文是我和一位,研究全球化和健康的同事一起写的,它引用了,我给你们看的就是选自其中,我会给你们念,它不太容易看到
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I'd like to give you examples of three of very famous epistudies on diet and health: The Framingham Heart Study, The Seven Country Study, and The Nurses' Health Study, and then we'll talk about some of the overall results from these sort of things.
我想给大家讲有关饮食与健康的关系的,三个著名传染病学研究实验,弗明汉心脏病研究,七国研究,以及护士健康研究,然后讲一下这些因素带来的一些总体影响
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There are really two purposes in us doing this: one was so you can get a fix on your own eating, and second you can see the challenges that are involved in assessing what people eat when you start doing studies linking diet to health.
这么做实际上有两个目的,一是你可以调整你自己的饮食,二是当你开始研究,饮食与健康的关系时,你会发现,在对人们吃什么进行评估时存在很多困难
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Well, Willett and others were doing studies for a number of years finding that Trans fats were having a very negative impact on health, but nobody paid much attention and they couldn't get much attention out there in the world for this kind of work.
威莱特等人多年的研究发现,反式脂肪对健康有着非常负面的影响,但没有人对此多加注意,研究者们也无法让大众注意到他们的研究
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Two of the key players there are Frank Speizer, a physician who got the study started, The Nurses' Health Study I, that got started in 1976, and then Walter Willett who got Nurses' Health Study II started, and is still the principle investigator of these studies.
弗兰克.斯佩萨是两名关键成员之一,就是这位内科医生提出进行 这项研究,第一阶段护士健康研究开始于1976年,另一位主要成员是沃尔特·威莱特,他开始了第二阶段的护士健康研究,他还是这些研究的理论调查者
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There is a very big-- one of the largest clinical trials that the U.S. Government ever did was called the Women's Health Initiative, and there were several purposes built into this particular study, but what it did was it took post menopausal women and randomly assigned them to different dietary conditions.
有一个很大的,美国政府曾经做过的,一个最大的临床试验,叫做"妇女健康倡导计划",这项研究有几个特殊的目的,研究主要是将更年期的妇女,随机分配至,不同的饮食环境中
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Now in the case of The Framingham Study they did bi-annual assessments, every two years brought people into the lab and got very careful measures on them, so a lot of what we initially knew about diet and health, smoking and health, and other things came from The Framingham Heart Study.
弗明汉研究每两年做一次评估,每两年在实验室里对研究对象,进行十分仔细的检测,我们对饮食与健康,吸烟与健康以及其他的了解,最初都来自于弗明汉心脏研究
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There are a number of different methods that scientists use to see what foods are related to particular health outcomes, and we won't go through all of them but I will -over the course of the class we'll talk about various methods, but I'd like to talk about two primary ones today.
科学家有很多不同的方法,来研究食物与健康的关系,我们不会一一提及但我会,这门课上我们会提到很多方法,但我今天只想说两大重要方法
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