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I think maybe the same movement that created the Yale Cooperative Society in the late nineteenth century also spurred credit unions.
我想大概在19世纪晚期,推动形成了"耶鲁互助会"的那场运动,同时也催生了信用合作社
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I think that going forward, both the rating agencies and the banks will be very important in our society.
我认为这会有效果,信用评级机构和银行,都将会在我们的社会中扮演很重要的角色
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And then, suddenly I need to MacBook Air sell my MacBook Air on Craigslist and I can take the person's credit card instead of having them bring $1200 to me or whatever I'm selling it for.
之后突然我需要,在克雷格斯利斯特网站上卖我的,而且我可以让那个人拿信用卡过来,而不是,带着1200美元或是我需要的别的东西给我。
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You don't have to try to get the change of law You don't have to get the supreme court to change its mind. All you have to do is to get out your credit card and go online and it's done.
不必试图修改法律,也不必游说最高法院,做出什么改变，你需要做的,只是掏出你的信用卡，登陆网站，然后一切搞定。
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But your real concern has been about the credit derivative market.
但是你真正关心的是,信用衍生品市场。
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But in society today, and we'll talk a bit about security topics -- and such throughout the course, for cryptography -- for encrypting things like your credit card information and bank accounts -- you don't use 32 bits, you don't use 64 bits, you generally use 1024 bits, 4,048 bits.
但在当今的社会上，我们将讨论一点安全方面的知识,贯穿整个课程，密码学-,加密一些像信用卡信息,银行账号之类的东西--你不能用32位，你也不能用64位，你通常要使用1024位，4048位。
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Some people think that the rating agencies have allowed a kind of moral hazard to creep into their organization.
有些人认为,信用评级机构,已经让某种程度的道德风险,渗透到他们的机构中
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He was frustrated because he just lost a sale of a $2000 piece of glass that he had just made because the woman who wanted to pay him only had a credit card and he couldn't accept credit card.
他很沮丧,因为他刚刚失去一次将玻璃艺术品,以2000美元卖出的机会,有位女士想要买他的艺术品,但是只用信用卡付账,但他不愿意用信用卡交易。
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It comes through investment and taking money from investors, either through swiping their credit cards while they're not looking or through revenue.
它来自投资和,从投资者那里拿钱，无论是当他们不注意的时候刷信用卡,还是通过业务来盈利。
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If you look at number of organizations that do this business, it comes completely reversed and it's credit unions that are the most important.
从这些金融机构的数量上来看,排行完全相反,信用合作社就成了最重要的
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Would you go to the ticket window and use your credit card to pick up the tickets or would you just walk away in anger and annoyance?
你会去购票窗口,用你的信用卡再买票吗,还是带着烦闹愤怒而走掉呢？
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these things only came in in the last ten years or so.
怎么就产生了52万亿的信用掉期。
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I don't have the latest data -this is from 1998 -but there were 11,000 credit unions -that's the number of credit unions in the United States in 1998 -and there were only 9,000 commercial banks; that's the number of banks.
我手上没有最新的数据,这个是1998年的,共有11000个信用合作社,这是1998年全美信用合作社的数量,与此同时,商业银行只有9000家,这是银行的数量
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I wanted to mention in this context, because I'm emphasizing how banks help solve the adverse selection and moral hazard problem -I wanted to mention briefly here also the rating agencies, which fulfill some of these functions.
我早就想在这段内容里讲讲这事了,因为我一直强调,银行是如何帮助解决逆向选择,以及道德风险问题的...,我还一直想在这里简要的提下,本应履行这些职能的那些信用评级机构
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In other words, banks may lend to you or to me re risky borrowers but they sell the mortgages to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac they get their money right then and there.
换句话说，银行可能借钱给我们,知道我们的信用度不高，knowing，that，we’,但是银行把贷款卖给,房地美和房利美,转手就拿到现钱。
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They go above and beyond to craft a beautiful experience in their store and they have to compromise to accept credit cards.
他们不光要学会,在店里提供美好的体验,他们必须要对,信用卡妥协，接受信用卡。
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You may have a false impression of the importance of credit unions.
对于信用合作社的重要性,你们可能会有错误的印象
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It's like a Savings and Loan Association except that credit unions are created by some entity, some club or group, and they're not open to the whole public.
这有点像储贷协会,不同点在于,信用合作社是由某个独立群体所创建的,比如社团或集体组织,它不面向整个社会公众
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A "Subprime borrower" Is somebody who has a poor credit history or some other indication that would suggest that they might not be able to repay the mortgage-- they might default.
次级借款人"指的是,那些信用记录较差的借款人,或在其他方面显示,他们很可能无力偿还贷款,也就是说他们很可能违约
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That's a brilliant market timing device that-- I think enlightened people thought that those prices were getting high-- and also made some play on credit spreads and now on real estate, he said.
这个决策的市场时机非常正确,有见识的人都觉得,那时网络股的价格太高了,他们也参与了信用利差交易,现在又转向了房地产
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I read The Wall Street Journal every morning and I worry about the credit crisis, and I worry about credit cards, and I worry about auto loans, and I worry about corporate loans, and I worry about the solvency of the banking system, and then I go to work and I try and find the best opportunities that I possibly can.
每天早晨读华尔街日报的时候,我会担心有没有信贷危机,担心我的信用卡,担心汽车贷款,担心公司贷款,担心银行系统的偿付能力,然后我去上班,努力抓住所能遇到的最好机遇
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Now, part of the problem is that the rating agencies were rating their securities that they were investing in as AAA, in many cases.
同时存在的一个问题是,信用评级机构对他们投资的,大部分债券都给予了AAA的评级
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Right. Because all of us have probably bought something facebook on Amazon.com or the like, all of us have probably logged into Facebook.com, passing your credit card information over the Internet, passing your username and password over the Internet, and as you probably know, as a casual user, https denotes secure.
对的，因为我们都可能在亚马逊之类的网站上买过东西,我们都可能上过,在网络上传送你的信用卡信息,在网络上传送你的用户名和密码,你可能知道，作为一个非正式的用户，https保护安全。
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So, when we were building Square, we realized that, "Wow! The receipt is something that has never really been designed or looked at. I go up to a coffee store and I hand them my credit card. I say, "I want a cappuccino." I hand them my credit card.
所以当我们建起Square时，我们意识到，“哇！这种入款方式是从未被设计和,看过的，我去咖啡店,拿出信用卡，说，“我要一杯卡布奇诺，“，我把信用卡递给他们。
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You and your partner, Warren Buffett, have for years complained and warned about the dangers ve perceived in the modern derivatives markets, particularly credit derivatives, and also concerns about interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and equity swaps.
你和你的合伙人，沃伦，巴菲特,多年来一直提醒现代衍生品市场中,存在的危险，that，you’,尤其是信用衍生品，利率掉期，货币互换和股票互换。
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