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Moore is quoting here in that phrase "business documents and school-books," as she tells us, from Tolstoy, a prose writer.
穆尔在那个短语里引用了这句,“商业文书和教科书“，正如她告诉我们的，引用来自托尔斯泰，俄国小说家。
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For example, he begins by borrowing the Russian formalist distinction in trying to explain what fiction is between plot and story.
举个例子，他开篇在解释那种文体介于情节和故事之间时,借用了俄国结构主义的特点。
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His admiration for foreign things and approaches was tempered by, as Hughes argues, his devotion to Russia, which he oversaw.
正如休斯所说,他虽然歆慕外国文化,但仍被本国传统所抑制,他还是忠于他统治之下的俄国
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One is Dubna in the former Soviet Union in Russia, one is in Darmstadt in Germany and the third one is in the United States in Berkeley.
一个是在杜布纳，位于前苏联的俄国，一个在德国的达姆施塔特,第三个是在美国的伯克利。
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It's in that context that most of the observations we encounter in Russian formalism need to be understood.
我们要从形式角度去理解,俄国的形式主义者。
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This is not a wasteland of thought by any means, and the Russian formalists are an important part of what's going on.
俄国并不是一座思想的废都，形式主义者是思想界很重要的一个部分。
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By the way, if we begin by talking about poetic and practical language, we're beginning where the Russian formalists began.
谈到诗化语言和实用语言，我们就和俄国的形式主义者站到了同一个起点。
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Some aristocrats began to put on western style wigs, such as you could find at the court of Versailles.
一些俄国贵族开始戴上了西方风格的假发,这样的假发你可以在凡尔赛的宫廷里面见到
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And what is Russian that should be modified by being open to non-religious influences that come from other places?
同时俄国的哪些方面应该允许,非宗教势力的影响而做出相应的调整
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It becomes, at certain moments in the evolution of forms according to the Russian formalists, the dominant.
根据俄国形式主义者们的说法,它只是在进化中变成了支配而已。
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He goes off and gets the support of the emperor of Austria to wage a war against his own father.
他前往奥地利想得到奥地利国王的支持,从而通过向俄国开战来反抗他的父亲
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You couldn't go anywhere without seeing people who nature had given, in many ways, a very bad deal along with crushing poverty.
在俄国的任何一个角落,你都会看到极端贫苦造成的自然生理缺陷
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What he does is he takes this archaic state structure in which literally nothing had been written down.
他激进而彻底的变革改变了俄国陈旧的国家结构,这种陈旧的国家结构没有任何文献资料
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Indeed, arguably a modern military power, at least in the seventeenth and early eighteenth-century sense, and he injects European culture into Russia.
至少在十七世纪和十八世纪早期,它可以算是一个现代化的军事大国,同时 他将欧洲文化注入俄国
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He's telling the men to wield forks and knives as well as weapons, and to adopt non-Russian customs, to bring them into Russia.
他叫人们要像熟练挥动武器一样来挥动刀叉,他把那些非俄国的习俗都引了进来,将他们带到了沙俄
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But they identified large standing armies with France with France or with the Spain of Phillip II or with Prussia or with Russia.
然而他们往往把拥有大量陆军武装,与法国或者菲利普二世的西班牙,或者普鲁士,俄国等国家相联系
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Notice the importance -and we'll come back to it-- of the word "dominant": "the dominant" in the thinking of the Russian formalists and the struggle for dominance among species in a habitat.
注意这个词的重要性,我们还会讲到，支配，这个词：,俄国形式主义者所说的支配,和物种间争夺栖息地的支配。
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Here is his paper.It was published in The Journal of Russian Chemical Society, 1869.
这便是他的论文，发表于,1869年的俄国化学社会杂志上。
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So, he remained very Russian, but it was the importation of more western ways of looking at things that were very important.
因此他还是一个很正宗的俄国人,但鼓励引进更西欧文明式的思考方式,这对于落后的俄国来说还是非常重要的
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Time's up. There is a little more to say, I think, and certainly the possible ways in which Russian formalism is subject to critique need quickly to be passed in review.
下课了，我还有一些话要说，俄国的形式主义,作为批评的对象飞快的被人们淡忘了。
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It was fabulous to read these people as they debated what will happen to Russia, the kind of westernizers and those in between.
两派间关于俄国走向的辩论,读起来实在是一件快事
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When you look at Moscow you see these old traditional, the skyline is dominated by churches, the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church.
在莫斯科,你会看到许多古老的传统教堂,其尖顶高高耸立于天际,即那些受俄国东正教风格影响的教堂
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They build huge houses in the seventeenth century in Moscow with very old-fashioned traditional Russian architecture.
在17世纪,他们在莫斯科建造了巨大的房屋,用的是老式传统的俄国的建筑风格
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He once said that if he wasn't the czar of all the Russians, what he would want to be would be an English admiral.
他曾经说过,如果他不是俄国人的沙皇,他会做个英国的海军上将
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But what does change, and what the battle represents is, of course, Poltava-- is that Russia's participation in European affairs had been totally minimal.
但真正带来的变化,以及这场战役的意义,当然了 是指波尔塔瓦战役,在于俄国在欧洲事务的参与度,一度微不足道
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The newness that the Russian formalists are interested in is not just any newness.
俄国形式主义者并不是对,所有的新奇都感兴趣。
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It didn't serve the dynastic interests of the dynasty, which he identified with the Russian people.
全然没有为王朝的利益服务,而这点上他和俄国人民的看法一致
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You must love loyal advisors and servants, whether they be foreigners or our own people, and spare no effort to serve the common good."
你一定要热爱俄国那些忠诚的大臣和臣民,不管他是来自外国还是国内,同时你也必须不遗余力地为公共利益服务"
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Those titles that Eikhenbaum keeps talking about -How Don Quixote was Made, How Gogol's Overcoat was Made- reflect the preoccupation of the Russian formalists with how literature is put together.
艾肯鲍姆总谈论,堂吉诃德，果戈理的外套是是怎么塑造的-,这反映了俄国形式主义者,对文本组合方式的执着。
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That really is implicit in the Russian formalist viewpoint.
这其实才是俄国形式主义者们隐含的观点。
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