And it turns out that the dog— when they zapped part of its brain, its leg would kick up.

结果是那只狗,当研究者们电击某个大脑区域时,狗的四肢便会乱踢起来

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

I was thinking about sex all the time and when I wasn't thinking about that, I was making money.

我成天想着性,当没在想时，我便在赚钱。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

And those arbitrary mappings, as we come to learn them, make up the vocabulary of a language.

当我们掌握了这些任意映射时,这些任意映射便组成了某种语言的词汇

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

When little holes come along, that's rain coming through.

当出现小洞时，便有了雨水。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

We had an extraordinarily high price-to-earnings ratio representing a lot of optimism in the '20s for the stock market and then it corrected and went abruptly downward-- that was The Great Depression.

在二十年代,市盈率高得离奇,表现了当时人们对股票市场的乐观,当其得到修正并突然下跌时,大萧条便开始了

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Now, when you listen to it then, again, knowing that, you hear it that way.

当你再次听到这句话时,你便知道,你是听到的是这个

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And also, it's useful because harmful stimuli are noticed but when something has shown itself to be part of the environment you don't notice it anymore.

而且它还是非常有用的,因为危险刺激会吸引到你的注意,但当某物被视为环境的一部分时,你便不会再去注意到该物体。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

But Pavlov observed that when somebody entered the room who typically gave him the food powder, the dog--the food powder saliva would start to come out.

他注意到,当给它喂食的人,进屋时，狗便开始分泌唾液。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

You could see this when you hear a language you don't already know.

当你听到一种你从未听过的语言时,你便会理解这个现象

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

As a result of this sort of conditioning, he then when he experiences real world violence, he responds with nausea and shock; basically, training him to get away from these acts of violence.

作为这种条件作用的结果，当他在现实中经历暴力行为时，便会引起恶心和休克;,总体来说，就是训练他远离暴力行为。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

It becomes an arm-twisting thing -because of this risk of moral hazard, the bank has a threat to take the money back and they are going to find out quickly if you, as a company, are behaving wrong.

这衍变成一种施压行为...,由于道德风险的存在,银行恐怕收不回欠款,因此,在你的公司行为不良时,他们便会迅速发现此事

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选