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So, if every tenth time your dog brought you the newspaper you gave it hugs and treats; that's ratio.
每当你的狗为你拿十次报纸,你就抱抱它，给它奖励;,这便是比率强化。
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so you can either leave or you can leave the dog here. You give it up. You surrender the dog."
所以你可以离开，也可以把狗留下。你只是把狗放弃了。”
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So says to this person, "Isn't it strange you have this dead-end job when you're twice as smart as your boss?
狗跟这个人说，”你不觉得很奇怪吗，你做这份没出头之日的工作,你的才智比你上司高一倍？
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And you're looking at somebody who basically does not like dogs at all but who loves cats, and canine butchers replaced horse butchers.
你如果去观察,那些不喜欢狗,但是喜欢猫的人,还有杀狗的屠户取代了杀马的
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Microsoft Bob was kind of like a low end Word processor and spreadsheet but the screen look like a house and this dog walked around and talked to you about writing your book reports or something.
那是一款类似于,低端文档处理器和数据表,的产品，但是屏幕,看起来像个房子,还有狗走来走去和你对话，写书或者报告。
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You would say we'll take the dog to the vet, and end the dog's life.
你会把狗送到兽医那里，然后结束它的生命。
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And so, he has put this chemistry to use in this robotic arm and they call it Fido, because often dogs are the creatures that have to go out and detect these things, and it's not a great job if you're a dog to be sent out to see whether there was an explosive and discover yes, there was, a little bit too late.
因为通常都是派狗去检查这些东西,这个不是个好工作，如果你是一只狗,被派去检查是否有爆炸物，然后你发现有,那就来不及了,所以用机器手检查化学物质。
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You have families with children, you have dogs, you have...
你会看到带着孩子的家庭，你会看到很多狗，你会……
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If I were you, I wouldn't touch that dog.
如果我是你，我不会碰那只狗。
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for why you became afraid of dogs is that one day a dog came up and he was a neutral stimulus.
你之所以害怕狗,是因为，某天有只狗向你跑来,狗是一个中性刺激。
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You're--and to put it in a crude way, you're teaching the dog that the bell goes with the food.
简单地说，你在让狗知道,铃声和食物是一起出现的。
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So, if your dog gives you-- if your dog, I don't know, dances for an hour straight, that would be an interval thing.
如果你的狗-,每当你的狗连续跳舞一小时，你才会奖励它，那这就是时间强化。
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All you had to know is the word "Dog" and the plural morpheme 's' and you could put them together to create a word.
你只需知道"狗"这个词以,及复数语素'们',你可以将它们组合在一起来创造出一个词
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You give the dog a treat and say, "Good dog."
你给狗狗奖励，并且说“好狗狗“
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If you have a dog and you say "Good dog" to reward the dog, by your logic, which is right, at some point you might as well give the dog a treat along with the "Good dog."
如果你有只狗,你用“好狗狗“这话来奖励它，根据你正确的逻辑，总有时候你会在说“好狗狗“的同时,给它些奖励“
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You might as well just speak to your dog."
你和在对狗说话一样"
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You can make "Good dog" positive through classical conditioning.
你可以通过经典条件作用,使“好狗狗“一词变成积极刺激。
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Imagine you're afraid of dogs.
假设你怕狗。
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But the presence of the dog there is a conditioned stimulus and so you grew to be afraid of dogs.
而这时狗的存在就变成了条件刺激,所以你开始对狗心生恐惧。
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So in those circumstances, I'm an advocate of active euthanasia. I think it is just as if you have a dog who was dying from some disease, you wouldn't say, well we just let nature take its call.
所以这种情况下，我通常会,支持安乐死，我认为,这就像是你的狗得了病,马上就要死了，你不会说，嗯，我们顺其自然吧。
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To put it differently, in order to know what "Dogs" means, you never had to learn the word "Dogs."
换个说法,为了知道"狗狗们"的意思,你不需要去学"狗狗们"这个词
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We have the words of a language, the morphology, but all that gives you is "Dog," "Cup," "Chair," "House," "Story," "Idea."
语言也拥有词,即语态,但这些词只能让你知道,"狗","杯子","椅子,","房子","故事","想法"
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So for instance, suppose you want to know, for whatever reason, do babies like the looks of dogs or cats?
比如说,假设你没来由的想知道,婴儿会喜欢狗的模样还是猫的摸样
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Well, you could put a baby down, have a picture of a dog here, a picture of a cat here, and see which one the baby looks at.
你可以抱来一个婴儿,在这里呈现一张狗的照片,在这里呈现一张猫的照片,然后观察婴儿会看哪一张照片
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You might choose to use a word for "Dog" as "Woof woof" because it sounds like a dog but you can't use a word for "Country" that sounds like a country.
你可以用"汪汪"这个词来表示"狗",因为它听起来像只狗,但你却无法使用一个听起来像国家的词,来表示"国家"
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