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And the first thing you do is ask is it an instance of some problem that other people have already solved?
而且你以前从没碰过这个问题,你首先要做的一件事就是问问自己,这是不是一个别人已经解决了的问题？
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So I think this question is very much related to your first one about how we mistake what success really means.
我觉得这个问题与,你的第一个问题紧密相连,就是“我们对于成功的错误理解“
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If you click on Courseware you will get to this menu, the first of which preferences is Periodic Table.
如果你点击课件，就会来到这个菜单，第一个选择就是周期表。
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And one possible response, the last one we'll look at, is, what you should, at least sometimes, s kill yourself.
一个可能的回应是，就是我们将讨论的最后一个话题，你应该做的，至少是有时应该做的，是自杀。
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And in fact, one of the lessons you may already be realizing with P sets is that things seem to take twice, three times, four times longer than you actually might think.
从习题集中你可能已经得出的一个教训就是,程序所花的实际时间往往是你开始以为的两倍，三倍，四倍甚至更长。
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Because I could've built that in, it says if you change the value of this thing, by the way you need to change recompute those other values in order to make this hold up.
我想要大家通过定义好的方法，来改变实例的值了,因为我可以把这个功能，内置到方法里面去,它的意思就是如果,你改变一个值。
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So in order to rotate a double bond, you have to actually break the pi bond, so essentially what you're doing is breaking the double bond.
为了能够旋转双键，你必须打破一个π键，本质上我们要做的就是打破双键。
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Other people might say, well you know, I'm really an adventurer--I don't care too much about risk-- I want the much higher return.
其他的人可能会说，你知道的，我就是一个投机商我不怎么在乎风险-,我只想要更高的收益。
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You say to yourself, "Ah ha! There is an example of somebody taking language by the scruff of the neck and changing it as an individual, exerting an individual will over against the conventional nature of language."
你也许会想，这不就是一个,凭个人力量改变语言,的活生生的例子吗,它的确改变了语言的惯例“
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If you read a well, a good example of that kind of Semitic script is Hebrew.
如果你读的好,一个很好的关于闪米特语的例子就是希伯来语
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Star Festival is a model by which you tell your own personal history. Who am I? This is who I am, and I want you to look at it.
七夕“是一个你讲述个人历史的模型,我是谁？，这就是我，我想与你分享一下。
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I wanted to talk about one last concept and this is one the boxes from Chapter 5 and you've already been using this in your homework.
我想说的最后一个概念,就是第五章里的一节,你可能已经在作业里用到了
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Andrew Meltzoff, for instance, has found that if you go to a newborn baby, and if you find a newborn baby, this is the first thing you should do.
比如说,安德鲁·迈尔左夫发现,如果你接近一个新生儿,当然你首先要做的,就是要找到一个新生儿
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If you find one inertial observer, namely one person for whom this Law of Inertia works, I can manufacture for you an infinite number of other people for whom this is true.
如果你能找到一个惯性观察者,也就是适用惯性定律的人,我就可以给你找到,很多其他的也适用惯性定律的人
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It's really an entry into the other world, and you gonna step through it and become a part of the other world which not necessarily you can see it.
就是进入另一个世界的入口，你可以穿过这扇门,成为这个世界的一部分,而你本来可能不那么轻易获得的。
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- But there's one potential gotcha here -- and this is where you have to be kind -- of piecing together the little clues along the way -- what have I done that's interesting here that had I not, I would have had a mathematical error?
但是这里有一个可能性-,这就是你需要把,一些线索拼凑在一起-,我这里所做的是很有趣的，如果我不这样做，我可能已经犯了个数学错误？
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When solve is done, it wraps up, if you like, a value that it returns. Which is that.
如果你喜欢的话可以返回一个值，就是这个。
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The number that you choose to rotate your letters by is what we call in cryptography, a key.
你选择的旋转字母的数量,就是所谓的加密学，一个密钥。
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But if you love soap operas, I asked you a question, that's the answer you gave me.
但你要是喜欢肥皂剧，就是我问你一个问题，这就是你给我的答案。
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A huge one is, are you actually running the code you're looking at in your editor.
一个很大的错误就是你运行的程序,是否是你在编辑器中看到的程序。
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And probably the obvious thing you'll think about is, we'll come up with a clever algorithm. And I want to disabuse you of that notion.
可能你想到的最有效的方法,就是设计一个,聪明点的算法了,这正是我想你们注意到的。
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Well, I solve 2 or 3 exponential problems before breakfast every day. You know things like, how to find my way to the bathroom is inherently exponential, but I manage to solve it anyway.
你要知道如何找到,我的浴室就是一个，固有的指数型问题,但是我还是能解决它。
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One of the differences in stem cell populations that you will hear about is you hear about embryonic stem cells and you hear about adult stem cells.
干细胞之间的一个区别,你可能听说过的,那就是既有胚胎干细胞,也有成人干细胞
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One of them is yes, they are trying to confuse and fool somebody.
其中一个答案就是,的确他们想糊弄你
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One of the properties that you would like a plasmid to have is you'd like for cells to be able to replicate it, to make more copies of it.
所以你所希望质粒具备的一个属性,就是得能让细胞复制它,制造出更多的拷贝
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And again, a related problem that people run into is side-effects. You call a function and it returns a value, but maybe it, on purpose or on accident, modifies one of the actual parameters.
另外，一个人们常碰到的相关问题,就是副作用，你调用一个函数它返回一个值,但是故意或者无意的,它可能会修改一个实参的值。
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Well, one because you're not taking anymore glucose in, but the other because when you did eat glucose you got more insulin and the glucose got shuttled into cells where it's either used or stored.
一个是因为你没有再摄入更多的糖分,另一个原因就是,当你摄入糖时,胰岛素分泌增加,糖被转运到细胞内部,要么被用掉要么被储存
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It's always a good first approximation, because you need to start somewhere in terms of drawing Lewis structures, but then if you go and figure out the formal charge and you just have lots of charge separation or very high charges, like a plus 2 and a minus 2 and a minus 1 all different places in the atom, what it should tell you is maybe there's a better structure.
它总是一个好的第一近似，因为在画路易斯结构的时候,你总需要一个起点，但是如果你在算出形式电荷之后,发现有很多电荷分开了,或者说有很高的电荷，比如有一个正二，一个负二，还有一个负一1,在原子的各个地方，这应该就是在告诉你,或许还有一个更好的路易斯结构。
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It's rather, "Can you imagine a world in which the very thing that you really are picking out when you refer to me by the name Shelly-- namely this thing-- can you imagine a world in which that thing exists, but the thing that you're picking up when you use the word Kagan does not exist?"
而是在于,你能不能想象在一个世界里,你用薛立这个名字,指的那个人,也就是这个东西,你能不能想象在一个世界里某个东西存在,而你用卡根这个词,所指的这个东西却不存在
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