Suppose I ask, "What's it like to be this cell phone?"

假设我问，作为一个手机会像是什么感觉“

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

You just say that arbitrarily this group, the reference group, let's say the group with the lowest weights, or the lowest cholesterol or anything, you say their risk is one, and then you look to see how everybody else's risk is compared to that.

可以随意地设定一个群组,作为参照组,我们可以假设是体重最低的一组,或者胆固醇水平最低的一组或者其他,将参照组的风险设为1,然后就可以比较参照组与其他组的风险

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

So, he assumed, he referenced or normalized everything to fluorine.

所以他假设，将以用F作为一个标准,来估算其他元素的电负性。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选