I'm going to say, quite to the contrary, the positive charge is concentrated at the center in a tiny, tiny, tiny volume.

我要说的是，完全相反，正电荷集中在中心,在一个非常非常小的体积内。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

This is the fact that we occupy a finite volume in space, because they're little hard spheres in this molecule.

这是由气体分子在空间中,占据有限体积造成的,因为事实上它们是硬的小圆球。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So, I've got this tiny volume with, in the case of gold 79 plus of charge, and I've got some electrons out here somewhere, and the vast majority of the atom is nothing.

我认为这个小体积里面，比如金的79个正电荷，电子在外面的某些地方，原子里面大部分是空心的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, what we can do to actually get a probability instead of a probability density that we're talking about is to take the wave function squared, which we know is probability density, and multiply it by the volume of that very, very thin spherical shell that we're talking about at distance r.

我们能得到一个概率,而不是概率密度的方法,就是取波函数的平方，也就是概率密度，然后把它乘以一个在ｒ处的,非常非常小的,壳层体积。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

I mean, if the energy is lower to occupy a smaller volume, then if I have this room and a bunch of molecules of oxygen, and nitrogen and what have you in the air, and there are weak attractions between them, why don't they all just sort of glum together and find whatever volume they like.

我的意思是，如果占据小的体积会使能量降低，如果我有这样一个空间,和一些氧气，氮气和其他空气中有的气体，并且分子之间还有微弱的相互作用，为什么他们不黏在一起,然后占据他们所想要占据的体积。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

All right, so gamma, the gas is cooling so V2 is going to be less than it what would be if the temperature kept constant.

气体温度下降了,于是V2会比等温过程,降到相同压强时的体积要小。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Let's say we start from some V1 and p1 here, so high pressure, small volume and we end up with a high volume low pressure, under constant temperature condition.

例如我们要从压强比较高，体积比较小V1，p1出发,到达低压强，大体积的末态，过程中温度不变。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选