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So we have system insulated from the outside world, and we have two bulbs.
我们有一个与环境隔绝的系统，和两个腔体。
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There's not actually chemical covalent bonds that are formed but it's a non-covalent interaction, usually dominated by hydrogen bonding.
所以配体和受体之间不生成共价键,这是一种非共价化合反应,它们通常以氢键相联
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We simplify it by saying this: that there are three fundamental textures: monophonic texture, homophonic texture, and polyphonic texture.
简而言之,有三种基本织体,单音织体,主音织体和复音织体
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Being and void, being and void, so now I've got my plus two little projectile coming in, and plus two zooms right through.
有和无，有和无，现在带两个正电荷的发射体进来了，两个正电荷正好穿过。
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There are two classes, two broad classes of drug sort of type ligands that are defined, agonists and antagonists.
这样的配体药物有两类,目前已经明确的配体药物大体上分为两种,分别是激动剂和拮抗剂
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Last time we said we had three kinds of texture in music which are: monophonic, homophonic and polyphonic.
上一次我们说过,音乐中有三种织体,单音,主音和复音织体
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They bind sometimes better than the natural ligand does, but they don't create the right biological reaction.
结合的比天然配体和受体的的结合更紧密,但不能产生相同的生物效应
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Sometimes you can design drugs that act like a natural ligand without being the natural ligand.
有时你能设计具有天然配体功能的药物,但它不一定和天然配体相同
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You've got an electron donor with a powerful urge to become neon-like.
你已经有了一个电子给体,它有这巨大动力要变成和氦一样的结构。
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You took biology in high school, you learned the names of these organelles and their principle functions, the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes.
你们高中学过生物,学过这些细胞器的名称,和基本功能,细胞核,内质网,高尔基体,线粒体,溶酶体
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Today let's think about it more generally as ligands and receptors.
今天我们讲讲普遍意义上的配体和受体
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You have equal numbers of donors and acceptors.
你有等量的电子给体和受体。
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This terminology 'ligand' and 'receptor' you've probably heard before.
你们可能听过配体和受体这两个术语
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Focus on the concepts of receptors and ligands.
关注受体和配体的概念
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Here's a group of sounds, different pitches and actually three different pitches in there, as opposed to just one pitch--one pitch, three pitches or three or four pitches, moving in different ways, kind of independent rhythmic chords, so that's the difference between monophonic, homophonic and polyphonic texture.
这是一组音,不同的音高,事实上三个不同的音高,相对于一个音高,一个音高,三个音高或四个音高,以不同方式运动,像有独立节奏的和弦,这就是单音,主音和复音织体的区别
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We're going to take these general topics and talk about how they work in the nervous system and the immune system next time.
在下节课我会讲这些内容以及,配体-受体系统在神经系统和,免疫系统中的作用原理
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Where your cells experience those states is through these extra cellular ligands called insulin and glucagon.
细胞所经历的这些状态改变是受,胰岛素和胰高血糖素这些外源配体影响
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There's a diverse range of responses that might occur, but that response is initiated by this simple chemical process of a ligand binding to a receptor.
细胞对外界信号可能会发生不同的反应,但这些反应都源自,配体和受体结合这个简单的化学过程
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Sometimes they inhibit by just preventing the ligand from interacting with its receptor.
有时它们只是,干扰配体和受体的相互作用
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The cells that take an electrical signal, which is coming down your nerve and convert it into a muscle contraction work this way, so 'neuro' nerve, muscle junctions act based on ligand-gated ion channels.
依靠相同的工作原理,细胞将来自于神经的,电信号传递到细胞收缩肌中,所以神经和肌肉关节运动,都基于配体门控离子通道
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It gets produced in response to a signal so there's a binding of a ligand to a receptor, the enzyme that does this conversion is activated and more cycle AMP is released.
这类分子的产生是对信号做出的一种反应,当配体和受体结合时,催化这种转化过程的酶被激活,更多的cAMP释放出来
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