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It's possible that due to the methodological limitations of Piaget, he systematically underestimated what children and babies know.
皮亚杰很可能由于研究方法上的局限,而系统地低估了婴幼儿的理解能力
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Okay. How many people would say they were off by an average of zero to ten percent?
多少人低估了,平均从0到10%
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Hobbes may, I think, overestimate or maybe I really should say underestimate the difficulty of the book but he returns to this again at the very end of Leviathan.
我认为霍布斯高估了自己,或者准确地说是他低估了现实的困境,所以他在《利维坦》结尾部分,再次回到了这个问题上。
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The highest possibilities of human nature have practically always been underrated.
人性的潜在极限,实际上一直被低估了。
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Um, she said that the minority is valued less.
她说少数人的价值被低估了。
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But you underestimate your Yale colleagues.
但是你也低估了你的耶鲁校友
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We tend to underestimate the importance of Freudian thought in everyday life because he's transformed our world view to such an extent that it's difficult for us to remember if there's any other way to think about it.
我们常常低估了精神分析理论,在日常生活中的重要性,因为他改变了我们的世界观,让我们以一种自己难以想到的方式,来看待世界。
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By the way, for the Grande Salad, how many of you underestimated the calories in that?
对了,关于大份沙拉,你们中多少人低估了热量
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In our--in this particular study we had some people estimate things low and some people estimate things high, but overall, this--these would represent overestimates.
在这个实验中,有些人低估了,而有些人高估了数据,但总体来说,结果显示人们高估了数据
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And what they found was they underestimated by 200-600 calories, the calories in these foods.
结果,营养学家们把这些食物的卡路里,低估了200到600卡
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I mean they were underestimating the amount they were eating so it was--it worked in-- it made them look better then they were actually doing.
他们低估了所消耗食物的总量,所以这是,这使得他们吃得看起来比实际的少
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How many of you would say you were between 10% and 50% off?
多少人认为自己低估了10%到50%
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Now this is a little counterintuitive, because very often people underestimate the amount of calories in things, but what's important here is the-- the error, the size of the error.
这与我们的直觉有些相反,因为经常性地,大家低估了卡路里含量,重要的是,误差和误差的大小
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Some; how many would have been between 50-100% off?
有一些,多少人低估了50-100%
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Because we underestimate the growth of exponential function.
因为我们低估了指数函数的增长。
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Again, you can't even correct for it because, let's just say, the whole population overestimated calories and things were underestimated by 30% percent, well then you just put in that correction and you know what you got.
你甚至无法纠正这个误差,因为,比方说,整个总体人群都高估了卡路里,或者都低估了30%的卡路里,研究人员纠正误差才能得到正确数据
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So this is the percent error and what you see here is that if the number is below the zero line it means people underestimated the calories, and the bars that go above means people overestimated the calories.
这是百分比误差,你们看,如果数字低于零,这表示人们低估了卡路里,高于零表示人们高估了卡路里
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