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The time was in the early 70s, so factory farming was not well-known, was not as dominated as it is today, but it still existed.
那时是70年代早期，工厂化养殖并不为很多人所知,也不如今天这样占主导地位，但当时已经出现了这种方式。
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But when I had to go... I had to find a book that was in the business school library and I went there.
但当时我必须去……我不得不去商学院的图书馆找一本书，于是我就去了。
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and he knew this the same way that we saw it in the last class, which is when we viewed the difference spectra coming out from the hydrogen, and we also did it for neon, but we saw in the hydrogen atom that it was very discreet energy levels that we could observe.
那就是,当我们看氢原子发出的光谱时，我们也看了氖气,但我们看到,氢原子能级是分立的，这些，在当时,已经被观察到了,他也都知道。
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But if you step back and reflect on it, "Well, let's see, I was eating a sandwich and suddenly the sandwich was the Statue of Liberty, except the Statue of Liberty was my mother.
但当你退一步,仔细回想,让我想想,我当时在吃三明治,然后突然,三明治变成了自由女神像,不过这个女神是我的母亲
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Rembrandt did have one time where he started painting kind of Catholic themes, but basically he's like these other guys.
伦勃朗也曾画一些天主教题材的作品,但基本上他和当时的其他画家一样
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There was this big printout of the shuttle schedule and this was not a very navigable document.
当时有一个打印版出行规划,但它不是那么好用。
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Verbatim repetition was not valued in the way that it might be for us.
逐字重复可能对我们来说是很重要的，但在当时却不是。
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It's exactly this theory, but he doesn't have the word probability, which hadn't been invented yet.
这就是我们在讲的理论,但他并没有用概率这个词,因为当时还没有发明这个词
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Not because you necessarily need it at the moment but your brain tells you you may need it later and so eat, eat, eat becomes the priority.
并不是因为当时真的需要,但你的大脑告诉你,你以后可能会需要,所以吃吧,先吃了再说
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Hard to believe today, but Sicily was one of the major granaries of the Mediterranean world at that time, tremendously fruitful, able to grow the best possible crops, very good wheat and so on.
在今天很难想象,但西西里是当时地中海地区,最主要的粮仓之一,产物丰盛,能够种植最好的谷物,上乘的小麦等等
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Manet wasn't there.
但他当时不在巴黎
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Now it didn't entirely end, and there were some South Carolinians and Georgians who wanted to re-open it, and a few folks out in Louisiana, who wanted to re-open it at numerous times in the antebellum period, especially in the late 1850s.
但在当时它并没有完全结束,有些南卡罗来纳人和格鲁吉亚人,仍想重新开放它,在路易斯安那州还有一小群人,这些人在内战前曾无数次,企图重新开放这个市场,尤其是十九世纪五十年代末
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and I'd only been in Times Square which really isn't what New York is like.
我当时只是去了时代广场，但它却不能展现纽约的真实面貌。
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So firms did use to write that kind of agreements, but still something went wrong.
当时的企业纷纷签订了这样的协议,但仍然有问题出现
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I thought that the city was then living a kind of life which was unjust and that they would bend it to a just one and so administer it more justly.
我以为当时,城邦的生活不公,但他们会将它转变成公正的,并更公正的管理它。
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And it was a challenge for a while, but I enjoy learning different languages.
当时那还真是个挑战，但我喜欢学习不同的语言。
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Yeah, good. So, they're actually helium atoms, helium ions. And this wasn't really important for the studies, it didn't matter that didn't know what they are but it's nice to kind of know now - that we do know what they were using.
氦粒子，这对他们的研究并不重要,他们并不需要知道它是什么,但我们最好知道,他们当时用的是什么。
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But one that I was very interested in was biology, and the reason was we did a lot of cool labs in high school, I loved doing the dissections -- it was very interesting to me to think about how different organs worked, how the heart could be a pump, how the lungs worked.
但当时我很喜欢生物学，因为我高中做了很多很酷的生物实验,我很喜欢解剖-,我觉得了解不同器官,怎么工作很有趣,像心脏怎么泵血。
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So it's really neat to think that your counterparts 100 years ago right here at MIT could have been sitting in a class where they had Lewis as their lecturer, and he's putting forth these ideas -- these are actually his lecture notes, even though it wasn't even published yet, and giving this idea of Lewis structure, which is exactly what we keep using today in order to make a lot of these predictions.
因此会有很棒的感觉，当想一想一百年以前像你们一样,在这上学的同学可能正坐在教室里,听路易斯讲课，而他正在提出这些想法-,-而这些正是他的课堂讲义，尽管当时还没有发表，但已经给出了路易斯结构的思想，这正是我们直到今天都一直在用的,用它来做很多预测。
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But again, that we will supply for you on the exam just in case you forget it at that moment.
但在考试中我们会给出这个值,以防你当时忘记了。
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You should think that people would really want life insurance but they were not buying it.
你可以想象当时的人们是多么需要寿险,但他们却不去购买保险
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Question: But could the patient have ? still been alive, nevertheless?
问题，但即使如此,这个病人当时可能还是活的，对吗？
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But at the time it was big, so this was big news.
但当时是个大公司,这条新闻很轰动
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Look how--this is as of earlier this year; the Federal Funds Rate was at around 4% and it has this huge drop in the term structure and then it starts the upward-sloping.
这是今年早些时候的图形,当时联邦利率徘徊在4%,但期限结构,在此处急转直下之后又开始掉头向上
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So without giving away my age too much-- I guess it will actually--when I was a kid growing up in England, there was this guy - there was a pop star-- a slightly post-punk pop star called Joe Jackson, who none of you would have heard of, because you were all about ten years old, my fault.
虽然我不想透露我的年龄,但也没办法,我从小在英格兰长大,当时有一个流行歌手,他叫乔?杰克森,后朋克歌手,我估计你们都没听说,因为他红的时候你们才十多岁
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And he actually did this in the late 1800's, back before even all of the elements that we know today were discovered, really only about 60% or so, 70% were discovered then that we now know today.
他最终在十九世纪晚期完成了这一壮举，难能可贵的是,虽然我们现在已经发现了所有的元素，但在当时已知的元素只有我们现在知道,百分之六七十，在这种情况下。
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So the way that we like to think of things now is in terms of electron configurations, right, but at the time that wasn't really understood.
当然我们现在思考,这些更喜欢采用电子排布的观点，但在当时还没有这种概念。
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