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Aristotle is considered the "father of criticism," and yet he is also what Foucault would call a "founder of discursivity."
亚里士多德被认为是批判学之父“,但他是福柯承认的话语学奠基人“
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So two totally different things but, I think it's, it's a cool, cool concept and obviously amazing program, company.
虽然这是两个完全不同的行业，但我认为他的概念非常好，是个非常出色的项目、公司。
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In fact, he called them "Beast machines" and said animals, nonhuman animals are merely robots, but people are different.
实际上他将动物称之为"野兽机器",他认为,非人类动物全是机器人,但人类是不同的
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Maybe what we should say is he thinks he remembers the experience of being crowned emperor, but it's a fake memory.
或许我们应该说，他自认为拥有那段经历，但那是虚假的记忆。
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The difficulty with reading Machiavelli today is that we all think we already know what he knows and that is false.
今日阅读马奇亚维利的困难点,在于我们都认为我们早已知道,他所知道的东西，但那并不正确。
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He's taken it from somebody else, ; and in doing so I think he's doing this deliberately; he's exposing some of the darker ironies behind his own literary ambition.
但他从别人那里借用了这个说法，他的做法让我认为他是故意这么做的;,他这是在他自己自由意志的背后,表现一些尖刻的讽刺。
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Now some of this might be luck but I don't think it's all luck because he's done this consistently for so many years.
也许这里面有运气的成分,但我不认为这都归因于好运,因为他一直从事着这项事业
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I don't think he's wrong but I think murder is murder in any case.
我不认为他是错的,但谋杀就是谋杀，不管任何情况。
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One other thing that he doesn't mention but I think is worth mentioning.
另外,他没有提但我认为值得提的是
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Notice the freedom that he exercises in unfolding what feels like an improvisatory monologue in which he makes you race to keep up with him as he follows a semi-hidden logic that he treats as self-evident.
注意他随意地展开,一段即席的独白,让所有人都跟随他的脚步,而他跟随着自己若隐若现的但自认为显而易见的逻辑。
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And the president, on many occasions, took unpopular positions that he thought were the right policy because that's what he thought he was elected to do was to use his best judgement and that judgement didn't necessarily need to be the most popular thing around.
许多场合下总统，都会采取并不受推崇的做法,但他认为是正确的政策,因为他认为这是他当选总统该做的,就是运用他最好的判断力,这种判断未必是,最受欢迎的。
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this court is attributed to him, not 100% sure it's his-- said, "I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity, " but I would give my life for the simplicity on the other side of complexity."
这个报告厅就是他捐建的，但不能完全确定是他所有的--说过，“我不会认为与复杂性一致的简单性是微不足道的，但我会把我的一生用来研究与复杂性相对的简单性“
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But he believed that it was important to take the tools of science, to take the tools of rational thought and apply them to the good of the state, even if you saw that good of the state as in ships that could lob cannonballs even further against hostile ships, and that kind of thing.
但他同时还认为,借助利用科学和理性的工具,来为国家利益服务也是非常重要的,即使你所看到的所谓"国家利益",只是军舰上的炮弹能比敌舰射得更远,或者其他诸如此类的东西
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I've always found that kind of research rather boring, but I think he had a point.
我发现这类研究相当乏味,但我认为他一语中的
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He goes back and redoes the calculation, only in this case he says what I am going to do is I am going to redo the calculation for helium, but I am going to consider not just the mass of the electron but the reduced mass of the system.
他回去重新做了计算，仅在这种情况下他才会说说我将要,为氦重做计算，但我认为,不只是电子的质量,还有系统质量的减少量。
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I do think that he's trying to make good changes, but it's not going to be easy.
我认为他的确在努力要做一些改变，但这并不容易。
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But I think Socrates means more than that, more than simply he wishes to rely on the powers of private individual judgment.
但我认为苏格拉底所指更多，他不只是希望,依靠个人判断的能力而已。
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But there is one thing, Descartes concluded, that he cannot doubt, and the answer is he cannot doubt that he is himself thinking.
但笛卡尔认为,有一点是他无法置疑的,那就是,他无法怀疑自我思考的存在
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He didn't mention the name because, I assume, he thought everyone knew this was Blanc; but Marx was falsely attributed to having made that statement.
我猜他之所以没有提及原作者是因为，他认为大家都知道这句话的出处;,但由此马克思却被误认为,是那句话的原作者。
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Rock believed in souls, he just didn't think they were the key to personal identity.
洛克相信灵魂论，但他认为,这并不是人格统一性的关键。
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So unlike those modern dualists who think we need to appeal to something immaterial in order to explain bodily sensations, Socrates thinks no, no, the body takes care of all the bodily sensations, all the desirings and the wantings and the emotions and the feelings and the cravings.
而现代的二元论者,认为需要用非物质的东西,来解释肉体上的感觉,但苏格拉底不这么想,他认为肉体负责所有的肉体上的感觉,所有的欲望,需求,感情,感觉和渴望
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But he says, "Others believe that the distinction between master and slave is not natural, " but is based on force or coercion."
但他还说：，“有些人却不认为,介于主奴间的区别是自然的，而是基于武力或威吓的缘故“
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Note that he is not saying, although he is sometimes taken to be saying this, that he is not saying biologically implanted desire or impulse that we have or share that leads us to engage in political life.
注意，他并未亲口说，但他有时会被认为说过这话，但他并未说过,生物性根植的欲望或冲动,引导我们,致力于政治生活。
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Well,that's what we could say,but we can't say that until we decide he's not Napoleon.
我们是可以这么说，但只在我们认为他不是拿破仑时。
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David Smith So,of course,we can all agree David Smith, despite thinking he's Napoleon,is not Napoleon.
因此，显然我们能够一致同意，尽管认为自己是拿破仑，但他不是。
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But once having been cultivated and educated, people will see, not only see the difference between higher and lower pleasures, but will actually prefer the higher to the lower.
但他同时认为，人一旦接受教育和培养，就应该不仅能区分高级和低级快乐，而且会真的更偏好高级快乐。
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He was not against the church, but he thought that people were wasting time being monks, and other people were all over the place in their Russian Orthodox equivalent.
他并不反对东正教,但他认为人们当僧侣,简直就是浪费时间,所有的人在东正教堂里都是地位平等的
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