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So the link of the conflict will play a stronger role in making the humanitarian issues more important.
因而冲突的纽带将会发挥更大的作用,使得人道主义问题更加重要。
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Now, in writing in these genres, Milton is, of course, confronted with a dilemma. He's a humanist scholar.
当然，弥尔顿用这种风格来写，就会面临一种窘境，他是一位人文主义学者。
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Of course, once we get to feminism, feminism will have certain ideas of its own about the vertical axis.
当然，谈到女性主义时，女性主义会对竖轴有自己的解读。
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Those are two voices that often come, in some ways, come against one another But they also come against the idea of pluralism.
这两种说法常常，会彼此相互攻击,但它们也会攻击多元主义的观点。
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This provides the moral basis of what I would call Hobbes' humanitarianism and yet that humanitarianism seems to raise further problems.
这提供给我们道德的基础,我把它称作霍布斯的人道主义,但人道主义会引起更进一步的问题。
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And in between these two extremes are the moderates, " who say, "For some of us, " death comes too soon.
在这两种极端观点之间是温和主义，他们会说，“对于某些人，“死亡来得太早。
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Again, these just illustrate my point, which is: Why did nobles and even other people agree to all of this?
上述内容再一次证明了我的观点,为什么贵族,甚至是普通民众会认可绝对主义
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Now pro-slavery writers were inspired by this to some extent, but many of them will simply convert it.
某种程度上,这给了亲奴主义作家灵感,但是他们中许多人会转变这种观念
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Why do we have the Renaissance, the baroque period the classical period, the romantic period and so on?
为什么我们会有文艺复兴时期,巴洛克时期,古典主义时期,浪漫主义时期
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and this is something I'm going to return to on Wednesday actually, behaviorists have provided powerful techniques for training, particularly for nonverbal creatures.
实际上我周三的时候会来讲讲这个，行为主义者们发明了,在训练非言语生物方面，非常有效的训练技术。
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Who's to say, a Benthamite might argue, who is to say which of these pleasures, whose pleasures are higher, worthier, nobler than others?
边沁主义者也许会问，谁能说这些快乐中，谁的更高级，更有价值或者更高贵呢？
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it's humanistic psychology that has in many ways fathered and mothered, as we'll see, positive psychology.
我们很快会了解到，人本主义心理学，孕育了积极心理学。
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Gadamer believes that historicism forgets the possibility of being taught something by past-ness or otherness.
伽达默尔认为历史主义忘记了,我们会从过去性和他性中学到一些东西的可能性。
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In response, the physicalist is going to say, "Yes it's true that bodies don't just move around in random patterns."
然而,物理主义会回击道,对,肉体的确,不仅仅是在做无规则运动
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Iser We may or may not have the lecture on Iser, but on Tuesday we'll be getting into the varieties of formalism and first we'll take up the American New Criticism.
我们将来可能有一讲会详细介绍，但下周二我们讲各种形式主义,首先是美国新批评。
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So that might tempt you into saying the mind on the physicalist view is just a brain.
这可能会让你觉得心灵,在物理主义那里就是大脑
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Notice the importance -and we'll come back to it-- of the word "dominant": "the dominant" in the thinking of the Russian formalists and the struggle for dominance among species in a habitat.
注意这个词的重要性,我们还会讲到，支配，这个词：,俄国形式主义者所说的支配,和物种间争夺栖息地的支配。
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People exposed to death primes become more nationalistic, more patriotic, less forgiving of other people, less liking of other races and people from other countries.
处于死亡意念促发下的个体,会具有更强烈的民族主义和爱国主义倾向，较少原谅他人，对于来自其他国家的其他种族,或人民不那么友好。
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Now, you may say this doesn't amount to a very limited government, and the libertarian may complain Locke is not such a terrific ally after all.
现在或许你会说，这并不算真正有限的政府，而自由主义者会抱怨洛克并不算他们的好盟友。
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The antiquity of a law alone is no justification for its usage. Aristotle seems to reject you might say Burkean conservatism long before the time.
法律的古老性不能作为其用法的借口,亚里士多德似乎事先拒绝,你可能会说柏克式的保守主义,古老与传统并不能。
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The doctrine of progress I'm simply saying has always bred its contradictions.
我只是想说,进步主义,总是会带来负面的影响
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I'd like also to talk about religious relativism.
我也会讲到，“宗教相对主义“
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There you would really think the formalists are on thin ice.
你会发现形式主义者的论点在这里如履薄冰。
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The physicalist will say, "Look, that aspect of the mental is pretty clear.
物理主义者会说,精神的那个方面已经很清楚了
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He is teaching a kind of, we will find out, a kind of hard-headed realism Polemarchus that expresses disgust at Polemarchus' talk about loyalty and friendship and the like.
他教授一种，我们稍后会发现，一种冷静的现实主义,表达出对,忠诚与友谊之类谈话的厌恶。
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.. So that death-- they're optimists in this strange sense, if they think life would've been good, which means of course that that we die is bad for us.
所以死亡-,在这种奇怪意义上他们是乐观主义者，如果他们认为活着本来会很美好，那意味着死亡是件坏事。
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In other words, replacing the shortest distance between two points that we experience in a practical message, "literariness," as the formalists call it, or "poetic language," as they also sometimes call it and as the New Critics certainly call it, slows us down.
也就是说，实用语言以最短的距离,联系两点，而文学性，如形式主义者所称，或诗意的语言，他们有时也会这么叫,新批评派成员一定会这么称呼，使我们的理解速度慢了下来。
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So, what they do now though, and we'll talk about this much later in the course but one cure for phobias does draw upon, in a more intelligent way, the behaviorist literature.
而如今治疗恐惧症的方法，我们会在后面讲到临床心理学的时候,人们依据行为主义的文献，从一种更加聪明的角度出发，提出了一种恐惧症治疗方法。
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Although Hobbes is widely taken to be a defender of monarchical absolutism, you will note, in your readings, that he displays a kind of studied neutrality over actually what form the sovereign should take.
尽管霍布斯被广泛地认为是,君主专制主义的维护者，但在阅读中你们会发现，他对国家应当采用何种政体,是保持中立姿态的。
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I mentioned earlier that it's Virginia Woolf who's largely responsible for our sense of Milton's identity as an oppressive patriarchal literary voice, but Virginia Woolf, too, had inherited these contradictory ways of thinking about Milton and about Milton's power.
我先前提到过，我们之所以会,把弥尔顿看作是男权主义在文学领域的发言人,在很大程度上是由于佛吉尼亚·伍尔夫，但佛吉尼亚也继承了这互相矛盾的,思考弥尔顿及其力量的方式。
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