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He doesn't even give Homer the credit of being singular in having composed The Iliad. "They" -- who's "they"?
他甚至都没有给荷马创作《伊利亚特》中的非凡才能,以应有的名分，“他们“--谁是“他们“？
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I want to talk to you about the ethics and values that emerge from the reading of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
我想谈谈在伊利亚特和奥德赛的阅读过程中,所引发的伦理和价值观问题
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And as if this were not enough, near the very end of his life, he returned to his classical studies translating all of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
这好像还不够，在他晚年的时候，他又回到了对经典的研究,翻译了荷马的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》
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Milton has dug up a gem from the pages of The Iliad, and this gem has something like a Medusa effect on the poem or perhaps on us as readers. Time almost seems to stop when we begin appreciating this image solely on aesthetic grounds.
弥尔顿从《伊利亚特》中挖出了一块瑰宝，这块瑰宝对于诗或我们读者起得作用,如同美杜莎一样，在我们只欣赏着,精美绝伦的地面上的场景时，时间仿佛停止。
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It is chance, and there are several places in the Iliad and the Odyssey that emphasize that point.
只是机会而已,这在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中,被多次强调
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You remember the Iliad ends with the actual cremation of the bodies of the relevant people.
你们应该记得《伊利亚特》是以,对相关人物的火葬描述结尾的
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The Iliad,which is about a war, immediately is a kind of an artificial society put together for the purpose of defeating the Trojans and taking their city.
伊利亚特 》,作为描述战争的史诗,直接就是一个集合的虚构社会,目的是为了击败特洛伊人并占有他们的城邦
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That is a very strong statement about the priority of community and it's very different from the values that we saw in the Iliad and the Odyssey.
这是一种关于集体优先,的有力观点,这种价值观和,《伊利亚特》及《奥赛德》中的相去甚远
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Well, if you look at the catalog of ships in Homer's Iliad, the island of Salamis had its ships lined up next to the island of Athens. Ballgame.
如果你看荷马伊利亚特的《船舶名录》这一卷,萨拉弥斯人把自己的船排列在了,雅典人的船旁边,就那么简单
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It is the heroic ethic. At a certain place, I think a couple of places in the Iliad, Achilles tell's us, "Why did you come here to fight at Troy?"
这是一种英雄主义的伦理观,在某个地方,我认为在《伊利亚特》中这样的地方不少,阿基里斯告诉我们,"你为什么来到这里与特洛伊作战"
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Agamemnon as the chief out there in the Iliad, he can call a meeting of the assembly, I should say of the council, but he's not the only one who can.
阿伽门农是伊利亚特主要的决策者,他可以召开联合大会,或者说是政务会,但并不是他一个人有权这样做
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No, the archer in the Iliad.
不,是《伊利亚特》中的弓手
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And indeed, as we shall see, well, the tragic view of life, which the Greeks invent and which characterizes their culture, is there right at the beginning in the Iliad and the Odyssey.
确实,我们可以看到,悲剧人生观,在伊利亚特和奥德赛的一开始就有所体现,这是希腊人首先提出的,体现了他们的文化性格
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Is it unlikely that people would actually have been able to do anything like that? - Yes, of course, the Iliad has various people who are very good archers, who could kill the other guy.
是不是古希腊的战斗中,不可能发生那样的事情,-对 当然了,《伊利亚特》的确记录了几个优秀的弓箭手,可以射杀敌人
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And I can only assume that that is precisely the point, that Milton would -- later in 1667 when Paradise Lost is published, he would make his poem canonical just like The Iliad and just like The Odyssey and The Aeneid before anyone had actually read it.
我只能假设就是为了这点，当他在1667年出版《失乐园》后，弥尔顿会遵照《伊利亚特》的模式来创作诗歌,还有《奥德赛》和《埃涅阿斯纪》,在这之前人们还没有真正的读过这些书。
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Well, that's one story. Another story that we're told is that soon afterwards also in that same place in the Iliad, a dream comes to Agamemnon, because, you know, this is their tenth year.
这是第一个故事,还有一个故事,也是发生在伊利亚特,不久之后,阿伽门农做了一个梦,这正好是他们征战的第十年
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If you remember from reading the Iliad and Odyssey, it is absolutely critical in the Greek religion that people be properly buried, because if they're not, then their shade goes on forever in misery and pain.
伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中提到过,死者得到妥善安葬,在希腊信仰中是极其重要的,如若不然,死者的灵会永远在绝望和痛苦中飘荡
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The tradition is aristocracy; that's what we connect with the polis, and of course, it was natural, because it also fit into the world of the Iliad and the Odyssey, which they were accustomed to think about.
他们的传统是贵族政府,这是我们该和城邦联系起来的政体,当然,这也很自然,因为这也符合《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中的描写,他们习惯于用这样的方式去思考
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Remember, the Iliad starts because of a quarrel and the quarrel emerges from the fact that the Greeks are busily being killed by a terrible plague that has struck them. They say, "We got to find out what's happening?"
记住,《伊利亚特》,是从一场争论中开始的,一场肆虐的瘟疫夺走了无数希腊人的生命,希腊人大为震惊,他们说,"到底发生了什么"
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Some scholars have pointed out that in Book II of the Iliad in the section that we call, "The Catalog of Ships," The poet lays out just exactly how many warships came to Troy fromGreece, and just exactly how many came from each town.
有学者指出在《伊利亚特》第二卷,《船舶名录》这一章节中,诗人准确地列出了从特洛伊出发到希腊的,战舰的数量,而每个城镇又各有多少
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If he is beneath the polis it means he's beneath what it is to a human being, and that tells you just how potent is this concept of a community for the Greeks and it emerges in its own way from the Iliad and the Odyssey.
反过来,如果一个卑微到无法进入城邦的人,那也就意味着他作为人的意义同样卑微,由此可见,集体的概念,是多么的深入希腊人的心中,在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中,便揭示了这一点
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Another fact is that we are told that when Alexander the Great went out to conquer the Persian Empire, and as far as he was concerned,to conquer everything he could reach, he carried with him a copy of the Iliad which it is alleged he put under his pillow.
另一个事实是,据说当亚历山大大帝,出征去征服波斯帝国时,对他而言,就是去征服他能达到的一切,他随身带着一本《伊利亚特》,据说放在他的枕头底下
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The Aeneid of Virgil based, of course,on the Iliad and the Odyssey, begins arma virumque cano, I sing of arms and the man, the man Aeneas.
维吉尔所作的《埃涅伊德》当然是基于,《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》,它以"arma virumque cano" 开头,"我歌颂战事和那个人,埃涅阿斯"
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The Iliad begins in-- the first word in the Iliad is the accusative noun I am singing about the wrath,the anger Achilles which brought so many men to their doom, is what Homer says.
伊利亚特》是以--,就是个表达愤怒的宾格名词,盛怒,狂暴mēnin, it's wrath, anger.,《伊利亚特》的开篇第一个字 "我要歌颂那个盛怒,狂暴的阿喀琉斯,他将许多豪杰强健的魂魄打入了冥府",这是荷马说的
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