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They're making that because you need this protein insulin, it's a hormone, and it's important for sugar metabolism in your body.
它们产生胰岛素蛋白是因为你需要它,胰岛素是一种激素,它在糖代谢中起着非常重要的作用
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This first slide shows a graph of the impact of having metabolic syndrome on heart disease and its consequences.
这张图表明了代谢综合征,对心脏病的影响以及造成的结果
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Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone, it's a protein hormone that circulates in all of our bodies and regulates glucose metabolism.
胰岛素是人体自身产生的一种激素,它是一种蛋白质激素,遍布全身,并调节糖代谢
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There's a kind of organic continuity that men partake of just as the natural world does.
如同自然世界的新陈代谢，人类也有一种,有机的代谢与持续。
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When we discuss clinical psychology and depression we'll learn the extent to which neurotransmitter disorders are implicated in certain disorders like depression.
等我们探讨临床心理学以及抑郁症的时候,就会知道神经递质代谢障碍,对抑郁症这样的心理障碍的影响程度了
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Suppose we put somebody in a state of suspended animation, cool their body down so that the various metabolic processes come to an end.
假设我们让某人,进入假死状态，将他们的身体降温,所有的代谢过程都停止。
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You'll see a graph with yellow lines, yellow bars that are people without the metabolic syndrome and red bars are people with.
图上黄色柱子表示没有患代谢综合征的人,红色柱子表示患有代谢综合征的人
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Certain parts of the population are more vulnerable to the health consequences given them-- having the metabolic syndrome.
由于患有代谢综合征,某类人对身体疾病的承受力更为脆弱
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You can keep people alive for many decades with periodic dialysis to remove waste products from the blood.
通过周期性的透析除去血液中的代谢废物,可以使病人寿命延长几十年
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Now these changes, these human evolutionary changes, have created some very interesting metabolic things inside our bodies.
而今,这些改变,这些人类演化造成的变化,在人体内产生了一些很有意思的代谢过程
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Here's another graph of data on the metabolic syndrome showing how it differs by race and ethnicity.
这是另一幅关于代谢综合征的数据图,它表明代谢综合征在种族与民族间的差异
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There's one particular issue with overnutrition called the metabolic syndrome that I'd like to talk about and show you a little data on.
代谢综合征是我将讨论并列举数据的,其中一个与营养过剩有关的问题
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Different amount of metabolic activity because one has a greater volume of cytoplasm than the other, for example, so these are exactly the right kinds of ideas.
大小不同,代谢活动的总量就会不同,可能因为一个细胞的胞质比另一个体积大,以上这些观点都是非常正确的
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Okay, so the body has a way of metabolizing and making use of the food such that you can get energy or nutrients from it.
对的,身体可以代谢并利用食品,从中获取能量和营养
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Diabetics whose pancreas does not function properly, so don't make enough insulin, don't have enough insulin present for normal glucose metabolism so they can't handle sugars properly.
糖尿病人的胰脏功能失调,因此胰岛素分泌不足,影响了正常的血糖代谢,所以他们不能正常地调节血糖
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If you think back to the previous graph that I showed you about race, you can see how there will be an interaction of race and gender.
回想一下上一幅图,种族与代谢综合征的关系图,我们就可以将种族与性别结合考虑
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I was just going to--I don't know if this is one of the things, you can eat it and you can metabolize it and trap the energy.
我想说,我也不知道说的对不对,可以食用,被代谢,并从中获取能量
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There's also something that scientists have talked about called the thrifty metabolism.
科学家们也谈到,所谓的节俭代谢
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A nutrient is considered a substance within the food, that's when it digests it, absorbs, promotes some bodily function, so that it has some metabolic health value when people consume it.
营养素是包含在食物中的物质,由人体消化,吸收,推动身体机能,食品必须具有值得人类去代谢的健康价值
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When you look at the risk of consequences from metabolic syndrome in the population, you have to know a person's race to some extent to understand how high their risk really is.
如果想要考察某人群,患代谢综合征的风险,就要知道一定的种族信息,这样才能较准确地知道他们的患病风险度
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That efficient metabolism that banks calories is highly efficient, highly important, highly adaptable, under circumstances where food is scarce, but not efficient and not adaptive under modern food conditions in the developed world.
能高效存储能量的代谢系统,在食品短缺的情况下,非常重要,有着较强的适应能力,但却不能适应,现代发达国家的食品环境
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Glucose has to get into cells, that's the main source of energy source that cells use, metabolism of glucose.
但葡萄糖又必须进入细胞,因为它是细胞能量的主要来源,即通过葡萄糖代谢产生能量
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The digestive system, of course, is responsible for bringing in sort of fresh nutrients, fresh substrates for cellular metabolism, fresh quantities of amino acids, and nucleotides, and the things that we can't generate internally.
当然,还有消化系统,它主要负责将各种新鲜营养物摄入体内,为细胞代谢提供新的底物,如一批新的氨基酸,核苷酸,以及那些人体无法自行合成的东西
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On the y axis here it's the percent of people with these two conditions who have cardiovascular disease--or stroke rather 5%--less than 5% and a little over 5% with the stroke as the outcome.
轴表示患有心血管疾病的人同时患有,或不患有代谢综合征的百分比,就中风来说,分别是小于5%和略大于5%
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The metabolic syndrome comes about from abdominal obesity.
代谢综合征是由腹部肥胖产生的
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So using stroke as the outcome here, what you see is that people with the metabolic syndrome, the red bar, compared to the people without it, the yellow bar, have about twice the amount of risk.
首先是中风,我们可以看到,红柱子表示的患有代谢综合征的人,比黄柱子表示的没患有代谢综合征的人,中风的风险高两倍
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Again, I'm not expecting you to remember all the details of this but I'm going to show you this-- when you put all these things together, it's called the metabolic syndrome, and I'll show you some data on its impact on health.
同样的,我不要求大家记住这些细节,但我要告诉大家的是,当你把上面这些症状加在一起,这就是代谢综合征的表现,给大家看一些代谢综合征影响健康的数据
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There are also interesting breakdowns by gender, and so if we look at the males and the females on the left here, you see that the females have a higher risk of consequences if they have metabolic syndrome then the males do.
不同性别患代谢综合征的情况也有差异,左边两个柱子分别代表男性和女性,可以看出患代谢综合征的女性的患病风险,比男性患者要高
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As we'll discuss in the class, and most of you probably know this, your body weight is a function of how many calories you take in and how many calories you burn off through metabolic processes but also physical activity.
我们将会讲到,而且你们中的大部分人可能也知道,你的体重随着卡路里的摄取量,和代谢中的消耗量而变化,还跟肢体活动有关
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The main goal of the respiratory system is to bring fresh in so that you can extract oxygen from it, and blow used air out so that you can rid of carbon dioxide which is the end product of carbon metabolism inside our bodies.
呼吸系统的主要功能是,吸入新鲜空气,以便获得空气中的氧气,呼出废气,以便排出二氧化碳,二氧化碳是人体内碳代谢的终产物
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