And what it involves is placing a value, usually a dollar value, to stand for utility on the costs and the benefits of various proposals.

其做法包括，作出估价，通常是估计出金额，来代表功利,即分别列出成本，和各项收益的金额。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

So this object here we could think of as a transport cost.

所以我们用这个标志代表交通成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选