It's a material force that his rhetoric challenges and relies on, gives him a means of getting off the ground, and a means of always getting back to it, too.

这是他的修辞所挑战的并且依赖的物质力量，这种力量给他离开地面的方法，也给他回到地面的方法。

耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程节选

So we use his works as a challenge to say "No".

所以我们把他的成就当作一种挑战，说“不”。

以爱因斯坦为榜样 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

Even before the death of de Man and the revelations about his past, there were a lot of people sort of shaking their fists and saying, "What about history? What about reality?"

甚至在德曼逝世之前，对他的过往的揭露之前，就有许多人挑战他的观点，说道，那历史呢，现实呢“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Socrates' disillusion of that very framework,challenges, it seems to me, the very possibility of political life by questioning the question or the distinction between friend and enemy.

苏格拉底,对这个框架的醒悟，在我看来，挑战了政治生活的可能性,就在他提问,或区别友与敌的问题时。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

And sometimes had them killed if he had to if he thought that's what he should do, because there wasn't any sort of challenge to his authority.

如果有必要,他甚至会杀掉那些碍事的议员,因为没有什么可以挑战他的权威

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And so much of Areopagitica involves Milton's bringing together competing images and traditions and arguments.

论出版自由》中也卷入了弥尔顿将挑战的形象,和传统还有他的论点结合起来。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

But why did they permit him to carry on his practice of challenging the law and ? the authority of the law for as long as they did?

而是，为何他们一再容许他,挑战法律及法律权威,达这么长一段时间？

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

But the Hobbesian point, the paradox being that the Hobbesian bourgeois cannot entirely dispense with the barbarian, even in its own midst.

这就是霍布斯的悖论,他的资产阶级不可能完全免于野蛮人的挑战,甚至这挑战就来自于资产阶级的内部。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

His challenge to the poets is in a way the basis for the resentment that is built up against him in that Aristophanes and what he calls the earlier accusers have brought to bear.

他对诗人的挑战，某个层面来说,是对反对他的人所产生之愤恨的基础,这是亚里斯多芬尼斯及他所谓的,前代原告施加于他的。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选