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So, he writes: To the psychologist alone can such questions occur as: Why do we smile when pleased and not scowl?
他这样写到：,对哲学家本身说,会出现这些问题：,为什么开心时我们微笑而非皱眉？
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You know, so he's seen me work in a lot of different contexts, so he was able to write a letter that said,
所以，他知道我在不同的环境下是如何工作的，这样他在给我写推荐信时才会说出以下这番话。
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At the end of the loan upon your payment of the principal and of sufficient additional interest, John Milton, Sr., the goldsmith, would return to you the gold that you had entrusted to him.
在贷款期限到期时，在你支付了本金,和额外的利息后，金匠约翰弥尔顿会把你托付,给他的金币还给你。
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And, when he asks on their wedding night, she gives him an answer that only makes him more obsessed with the question.
当他在新婚之夜问这个问题时，海伦给了一个,只会让他更加对这个问题好奇的答案。
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When the bombs went off in London last year, I thought about Yeats and what he might have thought or written about this.
去年伦敦爆炸案发生时，我想到了叶芝,我想象他会想些什么,他会为此写些什么。
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When you hear a slaveholder preach about his individual liberty and his rights, you sometimes wonder, "Come on, where do you get off?"
当你听见一个奴隶主鼓吹,他的个人自由和他的个人权利时,你有时候会想,"拜托,你是怎么做的呢"
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Here's a hoplite standing like this, and when he comes into contact with the opposing army, he will presumably strike down in this way.
这儿有个重步兵这样站着,当在战场中遭遇敌人时,他应该会这样刺下去
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When Abraham prepares to slaughter his own son, Perhaps God sees that blind faith can be as destructive and evil as disobedience, So God relinquishes his demand for blind obedience: he stops Abraham himself.
当亚伯拉罕准备屠杀他的亲生儿子时，上帝也许发现了盲目信仰,会与叛逆一样具有毁灭，一样邪恶，因此上帝放弃了对盲目信仰的要求：,他自己阻止了亚伯位罕。
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And he zapped other parts of the brain; people would claim to hear sounds; and other parts of the brain, people would claim to experience touch.
当他电击另一些另一些大脑区域时,被试会声称听到了声音,而如果电击了其他的某些大脑区域,被试会声称感受到触碰
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Then when you see these portraits of him, he looks very czar-like.
当你看到他的画像时,你会发现他很有沙皇的气质
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So in the 1960's actually, between Kennedy and Nixon, if you ever go over and look at those tapes, it's amazing how conservative Kennedy looks when you think about his reputation today.
确实在1960年,在肯尼迪和尼克松两人中,如果你要是看过录像带的话,联想到肯尼迪在当今的声誉,你会对他时的保守姿态深表诧异
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Well, one of the greatest philosophers I ever read was Aristotle and I think his Nicomachean Ethics, if you read it, makes a great deal of sense -where you live with this golden mean but at the end use your intellect.
我所了解的哲学家之一是,亚里士多德，我觉得他写的《尼各马克伦理学》,非常有意义，如果你读一读的话你就会发现这一点,-在读这本书时你与他的中庸之道同在,但最终你还需动用你的智慧。
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And yet, the shock and surprise that faces, that overcomes him when he actually has to face his mortality, strongly suggests that he's reporting correctly.
但是他发现自己面临死亡时,震惊和意外,还是会扑面而来，这一事实强烈地显示。
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They don't know--They think that they're teaching somebody in a memory game but actually the person who is being shocked is a confederate who is trained to react in certain ways as he's being increasingly shocked.
他们不知道…他们以为,他们是在用记忆游戏来教被电击者,但其实被电击者早就和设计实验的人串通好,当电击者电击的次多增多时,他就会装成相应的样子。
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So, these are stories, some of them for voice and tape, and he'd do readings where he'd go and he'd put a tape recorder on the podium and he'd stand next to the tape recorder as his voice read the story from the tape recorder. And it was all to dramatize the problematic relationship between voice, story and person.
所以，这些故事，有些事是声音，他到哪，他会在台上放一部录音机,以便录音，当他读录音机里的故事时,他会站在录音机旁,这戏剧化了声音，故事，和人之间的错综复杂的关系。
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As a result of this sort of conditioning, he then when he experiences real world violence, he responds with nausea and shock; basically, training him to get away from these acts of violence.
作为这种条件作用的结果，当他在现实中经历暴力行为时，便会引起恶心和休克;,总体来说，就是训练他远离暴力行为。
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People who came by land you would be hearing rumblings about down the road from villages that were spread out, but if somebody comes in from the sea on a ship, you may find them there in the morning and you don't know what's what.
陆上来客总伴随着车马隆隆声,沿着途经的村庄一路传来,但是如果有人乘船从海上到来,当他早上来到时你会发现,你对他一无所知
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When he is gone from Moscow and then St. Petersburg, there was always this tendency to have these sort of cabales to get together and sort of plot.
当他离开莫斯科和圣彼得堡外出时,就会有人秘密集会,结党营私,秘谋造反
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More than that, when he zapped other parts of the brain, people would claim to see colors.
不仅如此,当他电击其他的大脑区域时,被试会声称看到了不同的颜色
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Of course, you can imagine the thoughts of Louis XVI as they were cutting back his hair to await the fall of the guillotine on the 21st of January, 1793.
你可以想象下在1793年1月21日这天,当人们拽住路易十六的头发,等待断头台下落时他会想些什么
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When Milton opens Lycidas with that phrase, "Yet once more," one of the things that he's telling the reader is that ; yet once more he'll be making the same argument for unreadiness; the same argument for nervous anticipation that he'd made a number of times before.
当弥尔顿用那句“然而再一次的“开始的篇章时“,他要告诉读者的是,他会再一次的对诗中的迟疑作出相同的论述;,和他之前无数次作出的,关于不安的预知的，一成不变的论述。
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The Canaanites. I know you haven't gotten there yet, but when you get to Deuteronomy you're going to find out he doesn't make it into the land.
是Canaanites，我知道你们还没有读到那里,但当你们读到《申命记》时，会发现他并不住在那里。
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The problem with this is while he's stuck in there he has this screaming, horrific panic attack and then it makes his fear much worse.
这里的问题是，当他被困在这里时,他会患上令其尖叫与恐惧的恐慌症,这只会让他的恐惧感更加强烈。
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He doesn't literally mean even that when we talk to ourselves somebody pats us on the head " and says, "Good man. Perfect. I'm very proud."
他更不是在说,当我们自言自语时,会有人拍拍我们的头,说“做的好，非常棒，我为你自豪“
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If I'm described to you as a vivacious and creative person and you see me and I'm all kind of bouncing around and everything, you could then confirm this as, "Look how vivacious and creative he is."
如果有人把我描述成一个活泼有创意的人,当你看到我上跳下蹿时，你就会以此来确认你所相信的，“看他多活泼多有创意”
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