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It wasn't that bad really, it was kind of interesting, I learnt a lot," to justify what they did.
其实这份工作没那么无聊，挺有趣的，我学到了很多“他们会这样为不合理的行为找理由。
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So when someone says, "your apartment, it's not so great." You can tell them these reasons and then you say,
所以当有人说，“你的公寓不怎么样”，你可以告诉他们上述理由，然后你说，
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Scholars who go to Geneva go for a variety of reasons when they look at the Saussure archive.
后来的学者们为了各种理由去日内瓦,当他们面对索绪尔的档案时。
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Each group needed a justification for saying how interesting the task was, but they each had a justification.
每一组都需要一个理由来说明,这个任务有多有趣，但他们各自有自己的理由。
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CEO Something like 96% of Fortune 500 CEOs get their full severance package, even if they're dismissed for anything other than a major felony.
财富500强中的96%的,即使他们因为除了重罪之外的，任何理由而被解雇,他们也拿到了巨额的解雇费。
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And not just that you disagree with them, but to raise an objection.
并且不是仅仅你不同意他们，还要提出反对的理由。
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They always had to have a large standing navy for obvious reasons.
他们有充足的理由组建庞大的常备海军
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That's the rationale.
这居然成了他们的理由。
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But I want to give you at least some sense of the development of the pro-slavery argument, the kinds of arguments that were used, how they changed over time, who made the arguments.
但我至少想提供给你们一些,支持奴隶制方的论据,他们曾经用来论证的一些理由,是如何随着时间的推移而改变,又是谁提出了这些理由
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There's a reason to capture them.
他们有理由这么做
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Now,Gambetta,who was a smart guy who dies very young, he said that France became a republic because most of the people wanted a republic and they didn't want a monarchy, and that's all there was to it.
甘贝塔,一个英年早逝的聪明人,认为法国能成为共和国,是因为大部分人想要有一个共和国,他们不要君主国,那就是全部理由
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Yes, to me personally, I feel like it all depends on one's personal morals and like we can't sit here and just, like this is just my opinion, ... of course other people are going to disagree but Well we'll see, let's see what their disagreements are and then we'll see if they have reasons that can persuade you or not.
对，就我个人来讲，我觉得这完全取决于一个人的道德修养,而不是我们在这坐着说得清楚的，当然这只是我一家之言，其他人肯定会反对，但是,这个到时再说，先看他们的反对意见是什么,再来看他们的理由是否能说服你。
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This is purely covalent because all it is is homonuclear bond energies.
是一个完全的共价成分,他的理由是他们都是同核共价。
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There the British argument is that they're looking after it better than those people will,
但是英国人反驳的理由是，比起那些人，他们能更好地照看它们，
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Well, when people are in an absurd situation their minds rationalize it by inventing a comfortable illusion."
当人们陷入一种很荒谬的情况时“,”他们就会想出一个理由来使这种情况变得合理“
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People are very smart and they could present--easily present reasons why.
人是很聪明的,他们轻易地就能找到理由。
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In resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act the state of Wisconsin enacted a Personal Liberty Law that said they were not going to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act and turn in fugitive slaves, and the justification was that it was their state's right to do so.
为了抵制逃亡奴隶法,威斯康辛州政府颁布了个人自由法,规定他们不会执行,逃亡奴隶法并交出逃奴,理由是,该怎么做是他们州的权利
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Serfs who are compelled to work the land, or in some places even slaves, well, they have no incentive, put aside the question even of capacity, to invest capital for the purpose of improving the size and quality of the their crops, their trees, their vines.
那些被强迫耕种土地的农奴,或者是那些在其他地方直接成为奴隶的人,刨除能动性因素,农场主们,没有任何理由投资钱财,去改善他们农作物,果树和葡萄,的种植规模和品质
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Another characteristic of these years, which scholars refer to as the Dark Ages, just as they do the years after the fall of the Roman Empire-- dark for two reasons. Dark, in the most obvious way, because we don't have any writing, no record of them.
这也是这段时期的另一个特征,学者们称之为,黑暗时代,他们也是这么称呼,罗马帝国陷落后的那段时期的,称黑暗主要有两个原因,黑暗,最明显的理由,是因为我们没有任何关于他们的史料和记录
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There's a perfectly good reason why I let them do all those things to me.
我一定有很充分的理由,让他们这样来折磨我。
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It's one of the reasons Abolitionists are dangerous.
也是他们认定废奴主义者很危险的理由之一
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So, for absolute rulers, the link to religion you can read about, but there's always the sense that he or she is doing God's will by exploiting ordinary peasants, ordinary people and conquering other territories.
所以对于绝对统治者,你会在书本上读到他们与宗教之间的联系,但是存在这样一种观点,即绝对统治者是代天授命,所以他们有理由剥削民众并且扩张领土
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And it's true; each group needed a justification for lying about the task.
这是真的;,每一组都需要一个理由来支持他们的谎言。
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They could say, "Oh, disease," but these reasons tend not to be sincere.
他们可以说”会传染疾病“,但这些理由只是托辞。
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Since they are sentient, free creatures, they should have a right to do whatever they want unless there is a compelling argument against it and a compelling argument would have to involve some infringement of the freedom of other people.
因为他们都是有知觉的自由个体，他们有权做他们想做的事,除非有非常强烈的理由反对他们这么做,而这种强烈的理由是指,这种行为会侵害另一个人的自由。
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But what eventually evolved in the South and we will return to this a good deal next Tuesday when I'll devote an entire lecture to this kind of slaveholder worldview and the pro-slavery argument the pro-slavery defense and how that evolved into a political culture.
但南方特点究竟是如何形成的这个问题,下周二我们会细细讲,那时我将花整堂课的时间讲,奴隶主的世界观和其支持奴隶制的理由,他们对奴隶制的支持,和奴隶制是如何演变为一种政治文化的
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