All Southerners who try to express themselves in art are very much aware that they are party to a defeat."

所有希望藉由艺术的方式,表达自身的南方人都很清楚,他们是战败的一方"

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

The losing side must come to the winning side and they must ask permission to pick up their dead and bury them.

战败方必须出使战胜方,征求胜方同意,让他们可以,拣回本方死者的尸体进行安葬

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

They lose, and they're forced to surrender Azov to the Turks after an unsuccessful war.

他们被打败,在一场战败之后,俄国不得不把亚速奉还给土耳其人

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And that's what he did. And for the point of view of France, they emerged from the war with the reality that they are in victory a weaker nation than Germany is in defeat.

他就是这么干的,从法国这边来看,他们在战后的现实中发现,他们作为一个战胜国,比德国一个战败国还要弱小

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Everybody knows that all those heroes are there because they want to be and they want to be there, so that they can earn both the wealth that can be taken from a defeated city, but even more important, the kind of fame and glory that comes with such deeds.

我们都知道,所有去战斗的英雄们,都是自愿的,他们想去战斗是因为,他们可以赢得从战败的城市获得的财富,更重要的是,由这些功绩带来的名望和荣誉

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Take a stick, bang it into the ground, hang on that stick a captured helmet, - by the way please get up, thank you - a captured helmet, or a captured corselet, something that represents the military equipment that the losers had that were left on the field.

拿根棍子,插进地里,挂上一个缴获的头盔,-哦,快起来吧,谢谢你-,缴获的头盔,或者是缴获的胸甲,一些本归战败方所有,却被他们丢弃在战场上的军用装备

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选