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Okay two going to three that's this, it's adiabatic, right.
从二点到三点，是绝热过程。
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And I take a great deal of gratification from my own writing.
而且，从我自己的写作过程中,我也体会到满足感。
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This process, I said, this ancient process of taking scabs from patients and introducing them to people you wanted to protect, was called variolation.
这个过程,我想,这个从病人身上取痂,接种到你想保护的人身上的古老过程,叫做天花接种
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And so just like here, w2 now q2 is minus w2, that's integral going from three to four p dV.
就跟这儿一样，现在是q2等于负，等于从第三点到第四点过程的pdv的积分。
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So, that's how you go from the discount rate to the investment rate.
这就是从折扣率到投资收益率的换算过程
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Absorption is just the opposite of emission, so instead of starting at a high energy level and dropping down, when we absorb light we start low and we absorb energy to bring ourselves up to an n final that's higher.
吸收就是发射的逆过程,与从一个高能量到低能量不同，当吸收光时，我们从低能量开始,吸收能量到一个更高的能量。
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This process is sublimation, solid to vapor.
从固态到液体的这个过程，叫做长华。
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Maybe when these physical processes, B1 through Bn, take place, they set into motion...remember, after all we're interactionist dualists.
也许当这些物理过程发生时,也就是从B1到Bn,它们开始运转,要记住,毕竟我们是心物交互的二元论者
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So from one to two it's isothermal.
从一点到二点是等温过程。
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So the Joule free expansion involves opening this valve and asking what happens when this gas moves into the other bulb or distributes between the two.
焦耳自由膨胀就是,打开阀门后的过程,气体从一个腔跑到另一个腔,并在它们之间平均分配。
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That's how we go from the discount rate to the investment rate.
这就是从折扣率到投资收益率的换算过程
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If p2, the pressure in p2, is less than the pressure in p1, is the gas going to want to go from p2 to p1 and the whole thing reverse back?
比p1中的压强小,在整个逆向过程中气体,会从p2到p1中去吗？
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So, the work for this process is the integral, pdv or minus the integral, V1, V2, p dV.
此过程中的做功等于负的积分，从v1到v2，外部。
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We talked very superficially about the biological process going from DNA to protein, so the process of transcription, RNA processing, and translation to produce a protein.
我们粗浅地讲了下,从DNA到蛋白质的生物学过程,即转录,RNA加工,以及翻译得到蛋白质的全过程
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Now going from three to four right, so we have another isothermal process for an ideal gas, so I won't try to make you sing again so soon.
从第三点到第四点，这也是一个理想气体的,恒温过程，这次不用你们集体回答了。
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Remember it's the external pressure that's important. In this case, because it's a reversible process, the external pressure turns out to be always the same as the internal pressure.
是过程非常缓慢,比如我把体积，从V1压缩到V2时，我做得十分缓慢,在过程中的任何一点。
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So now let's try looking at something V2 where are V1 goes to V2.
现在我们考察一个过程,这个过程中系统的体积从V1变到。
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It's not as simple as DNA going to RNA going to protein, because proteins need to be present in order to make these things happen as well.
基因表达不是简单的从DNA到RNA,再到蛋白质,因为整个过程需要,不同酶的催化作用
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That's equivalent to doing the integral, and so, what we end up getting is that the reversible work v2 pdv is equal to minus integral V1, V2, p dV.
这与刚才的积分过程效果相同，最后，我们得到的结论是可逆过程的功,是负的积分，从v1到。
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