So, this is just one example of how these properties can already, even our understanding just talking about single atoms, can already make an impact in these biological systems.
这只是一个例子,通过它我们可以看到,尽管我们仅仅讲到了单个原子,但我们现在已经可以用它的性质来理解一些生物系统。
But now it's going to make more sense because in that case we were just talking about single electron atoms, and now we're talking about a case where we actually can see shielding.
但是现在能讲得通了,因为在那个情况中我们仅仅是现在我们讨论的是,讨论单电子原子,看到屏蔽的案例,我们能看到屏蔽。
We are really just at the very beginning of open course ware, but it's a very exciting time and I look forward to seeing you in class and seeing you in class we'll talk more about this.
我们仅仅在开放课程网站的起步阶段,但这是个令人振奋的时刻,我期待在课堂上看到你,并且在课堂上与你讨论这些问题。
So if you demonstrate something by writing an intelligent answer just by outlining it and saying, well, what I would do is I would equate the energy lambda and then solve for lambda, I can see that you know what is going on.
如果你想证明一些东西,通过写下一些很天才的答案,仅仅大致说一下,好的,我想做的是能量相等,然后解出,我能看到你知道怎么做。
So that you could see that for the ideal gas, u would not be a function of volume, but only of temperature.
所以我们可以看到对理想气体,内能不依赖于体积,而仅仅是温度的函数。
Of course, since the dialogue is indeed a dialogue, we don't always have the arguments laid out with a series of premises and conclusions.
由于仅仅是对话,我们不会看到一长串,有前提和结论的论证
We've gotten, over the last two decades in particular, very sophisticated about taking pictures inside the body allowing doctors to look inside the body and predict things about our internal physiology that they couldn't predict just by looking at us or putting their hands on us.
特别是在近二十年当中,我们对体内造影已经十分熟悉,它使医生能够看到身体内部,并预测我们体内的生理变化,而仅仅是通过,视诊或者触诊是不能预测这些变化的
And that's all that's big enough to pass through or small enough to pass through. And if we go up even just one row on the periodic table to potassium, what we actually see is now that it's going to be too large, and, in fact, a potassium solvated with one water molecule won't go through our channel.
就是这样刚好大到它通过,或者说刚好小到它通过,即使我们再沿着周期表往下走仅仅一行到钾离子,我们看到的就将是它的个头太大了,实际上,溶解于一个水分子的单个钾离子,不能穿过我们的通道。
N 2 So any chemist should be able to just look at n 2 and know that it's a triple bond, but that's not something that we've learned how did to do yet, so let's go ahead and start a new topic that's going to allow us to have some sort of sense of what the valence electron configuration, which includes whether something's a single or double or a triple bond can be figured out for any given molecule.
任何一个化学家都应该能够仅仅通过看到2,就知道它有一个三键,但是我们还没学习如何做到这点,因此下面我们就开始进入一个新的主题,它将使我们能够有一定的认识,对于价电子的排布情况,包括可以对任何一个给定分子中的键是单键双键,还是三键作出判断。
So if you look at the energy diagram, what we see is that the 4 s orbitals are they're just ever so slightly lower in energy than the 3 d orbitals.
如果你看能量图,我们看到的是4s轨道,他们仅仅比3d轨道,能量低一点点。
The electron completely canceled out 1 it's equivalent of charge from the nucleus, such that we only saw in a z effective of 1.
电子完全抵消了来自原子核的等量电荷,这样我们仅仅看到有效的z为,在极端案例b中。
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