All right. So you can already begin to see a development in intellectual history that perhaps opens the way to a certain skepticism.

好，所以大家已经开始看到,人类思想史的一个发展,它很可能为某种怀疑主义开辟了道路。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And in many ways, we can understand human intellectual history just based on this idea: ? should we accept human nature?

在很多方面，我们能理解人类智力发展历史,仅仅基于这个观点：,应不应该接受人类本性？

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

We'll talk about what languages share, we'll talk about how language develops, and we'll talk about language and communication in nonhumans.

我们将会谈及各种语言的共性,谈及语言的发展,以及非人类的语言交流

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

But the reason is ultimately, Mill claims, a utilitarian reason once you consider the long-run interests of humankind, of all of us as progressive beings.

但穆勒称，这个原因根本上还是功利的,当你考虑到人类，长远发展的利益。

耶鲁公开课 - 公正课程节选

Then going from a plant based diet to a diet that included meat.

人类的饮食由植食性发展为含肉类的饮食

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Here it is not just the venerability of slavery, how old it is, but it's the idea that it has been crucial to the development of all great civilizations.

不仅仅讨论奴隶制的庄严性与历史由来,更是它曾经对人类文明的发展,起过至关重要的作用

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

On the third page of the Politics where he remarks that every city or every polis exists by nature, and he goes on to infer from this Zoon Politikon that man is what he calls the zoon politikon, the political animal, the polis animal.

在《政治学》第三页,他谈到,每座城市或城邦是自然发展的存在，他并进而藉此推论,人类是他所谓的，即政治动物，城邦动物。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

So, Descartes lived in a fairly sophisticated time, and his time did have robots.

笛卡尔生活在一个,人类社会发展相对成熟的时代,在他生活的年代,已经出现了机器人

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Natural selection would create people who were in sync with their environment.

自然选择造就了,人类和环境的协调发展

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

If we want to know the possibilities for spiritual growth, value growth or moral development in human being, then I maintain that we can learn most by studying our most moral,ethical,or saintly people.

如果想知道心灵成长的可能性，人类价值增长或道德发展的可能性，那我认为，我们可以研究,最道德或圣洁的人。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

But now, I want to raise a huge developmental puzzle and the puzzle is there are some ways in which babies are-- not just babies,but young children are very clueless when it comes to people.

但现在我想提出一个发展心理学的难题,这个难题是,当提及与人类有关的知识时,婴儿,甚至是幼儿,在某些方面都是完全不知的

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

One thing it's important for is clever developmental psychologists have used habituation as a way to study people, creatures who can't talk like nonhuman animals, and young babies.

原因之一就是,聪明的发展心理学家们将习惯化,作为研究人类，研究诸如非人类动物或是婴儿这样,无法进行言语表达的生物，的一种方式。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选