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We'll talk about what languages share, we'll talk about how language develops, and we'll talk about language and communication in nonhumans.
我们将会谈及各种语言的共性,谈及语言的发展,以及非人类的语言交流
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My major is Linguistics and Anthropology.
我的专业是语言学和人类学。
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But through the course of human history, nobody has ever encountered another group of humans that did not have a language.
但在人类历史的进程中,还没有人曾经遇到过,没有语言的人类族群
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It's a poem structured around the interaction between human beings and an entire pantheon of pagan deities.
是由人类相互影响,和所有无宗教信仰的万神殿来组织语言的。
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It has to do with the god Hermes who conveyed language to man, who was in a certain sense, among many other functions, the god of communication, and hermeneutics is, after all, obviously about communication.
它与赫耳墨斯，即教给人类语言的神祇有关，从某种意义上来说，赫耳墨斯是沟通之神，所以诠释学显然和沟通交流有关。
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The language of Aristotelian political science is the language of man the political animal.
亚里士多德式政治科学的语言,是人类的语言，政治动物的语言。
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That's Socrates, that's the great message of Socrates He then said the trouble with human being is they have language and therefore they get confused.
这段话是苏格拉底说的，这就是苏格拉底的名言,他接着说人类的问题是,他们的语言会让他们迷惑。
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you said that every normal human being that's born uses at some point or another some kind of language.
你刚才说过,所有正常的人类新生儿,都会在某种程度上使用某种语言
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When Rene Descartes argued that we are more than merely machines, his best piece of evidence for him was the human capacity for language.
勒奈·笛卡尔提出人类不只是机器的时候,他最有力的证据便是人类的语言能力
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Here of course he is talking about human language.
当然这里是讲人类的语言。
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And this is interesting because this suggests that to some extent the ability to use and understand and learn language is part of human nature.
这一点很有意思,因为这表明,从某种程度上来说,语言的使用,理解以及学习能力,是人类本性的一部分
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Now this is--;So, these are constraints on grammar and they're really interesting because they tell us what's a humanly natural language versus what's not a humanly natural language.
这些就是语法的不足,它们很有意思,因为它们可以告诉我们,什么是人类的自然语言,什么不是人类的自然语言
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Any neurologically normal human will come to possess a language.
任何神经上正常的人类,都能够掌握一种语言
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Also, every normal human has language.
每个正常的人类也都拥有语言
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Well, the claim that language is part of human nature is supported by neurological studies, some of which were referred to in the chapters on the brain that you read earlier that talk about dedicated parts of the brain that work for language.
语言是人类本性的一部分的这个观点,得到了神经研究的支持,在之前大家阅读的关于大脑的章节中,对专门负责语言功能脑区的探讨,就描述了其中的一些研究
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In other words, the world is no longer anthropocentric; it's linguistic.
换句话说，世界不再是以人类为中心的了，而是以语言为中心。
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We want to know as curious people how children learn language, what we find attractive or unattractive, and what's the basis for mental illness.
人类的好奇心驱使我们去探索,儿童如何学习语言,什么会被感知为迷人或丑陋,心理疾病的成因又是什么
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The study of human language has been the battleground over different theories of human nature.
人类语言的研究,是各种人性理论的重要领域
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One reason that they're interesting is that they illustrate something about human language.
它们有意思的一个原因便是,它们阐明了人类语言的某些东西
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So, in general, there is some support, at least at a very broad level, for the claim that language is in some sense part of human nature.
总的来说,语言在某种意义上,是人类本性一部分的这个观点,至少在一般性水平上,得到了一些支持
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So, every philosopher or psychologist or humanist or neuroscientist who has ever thought about people has had to make some claim about the nature of language and how it works.
因此,无论是哲学家,心理学家,人类学家,还是神经系统学家,只要他们曾经研究过人类,便会就语言的特性及其功能提出某些理论
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They take this makeshift communication system developed by adults and, again, they turn it into a full-blown language, suggesting that to some extent it's part of our human nature to create languages.
他们继承了成人发展出来的临时交流系统,将这个临时交流系统,再次发展成一种成熟的语言,这表明从某种程度上来说,创造语言是我们人类本性的一部分
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