-
Maybe the pigeons were thinking that, maybe not, we don't know; Shafir and Tversky report experiments with people, not pigeons.
可能那些鸽子也这么想,也许没有,我们不知道,沙菲尔和特维斯基的实验对象是人,而不是鸽子
-
And then the most surprising thing of all was a study done not long ago, published in 1997 of registered dieticians.
不久前的实验中,让人惊奇的事发生了,在1997年由注册营养学家发表
-
Second, he looked at these people and measured how fast they walk from where their experiment was to the elevator.
第二，他观察这些人,记录他们从实验地点,走到电梯的时间。
-
So when someone comes to me, and they're about to do a test, I ask them, what do you expect your program to do?
因此当很多人找到我想要，做一次实验的时候，我问他们你期待你，的程序返回什么结果呢？
-
We bring you in the--to the lab and we say to this group of people, "Please wait here.
我们把你带入实验室,对这个控制小组的人说，“请在这里稍等。
-
They are my experimental colleagues who write papers with 400 other people, maybe even 1,000 other people.
他们是我的实验室同事,他们的论文是400个,乃至1000人一起完成的
-
You know, it is really engaging to the person that looked at it.
要知道对目睹的人而言,这一实验是迷人的。
-
I just want to do a very quick experiment, so everyone stay in their seat.
现在做一个小小的实验,所有人都坐在自己的位子上
-
If you go back to the origins of the computer industry, imagine a bunch of guys in lab coats sitting around a laboratory, and these are the smartest guys in the world, and they've invented things.
如果回顾电脑行业的兴起，想象一下一群人穿着实验服,坐在实验室里，他们是世界上最聪明的人，他们搞了些发明。
-
All right, Is there anyone who disagrees with Joe and who thinks that our experiment disproves Mill's test, shows that that's not an adequate way, that you can't distinguish higher pleasures within the utilitarian framework?
好，有没有人不同意乔,谁认为我们的实验推翻了穆勒的检验，说明它并不足以证明，在功利主义范畴内可以分辨出高级快乐？
-
What they did was they got subjects to participate in a psychological experiment and the experiment consisted of asking the subjects questions that had quantitative answers, which were always numbers from zero to one hundred.
他们找了很多人作为实验对象,参加这个心理实验,在实验中会问这些人,需要量化回答的问题,答案范围是从0到100
-
So when we talk about a cohort study, this means taking a group of people and following them over time.
所以当我们提到定群研究,就意味着,有一群人参加实验并需一直追踪下去
-
And in one experiment, which many people know as the "Frizzy Wig" experiment, he did the following.
在一个试验中，许多人知道“卷曲的假发”实验，他是这样做的。
-
In our--in this particular study we had some people estimate things low and some people estimate things high, but overall, this--these would represent overestimates.
在这个实验中,有些人低估了,而有些人高估了数据,但总体来说,结果显示人们高估了数据
-
When they do the big collider experiments in Geneva or Fermilab, collaborations can run into hundreds.
当他们在日内瓦或费米实验室,做粒子对撞的实验时,工作小组能有几百人
-
You bring somebody in the sleep lab, you put electrodes on their scalp and you see what these-- what sort of electrical activities you get in the brain.
把人叫来睡眠实验室，把电极贴在他们的头皮上,你就能看到-,他们有什么脑电活动。
-
In this particular study, we took thirty people who enter in a weight loss clinic and we had them estimate the calories in these sort of common foods.
在这个实验中,三十人进入了一家减肥专科门诊,让他们估计一些普通食物中的卡路里
-
STUDENT: They only studied diagnosed anorexics.
他们只对被确诊为厌食症的人做了实验。
-
So it could be that they think that this is actually-- they haven't understood the experiment and they think this is a multi shot game, not a one shot game, good.
可能是这些人觉得这是,他们没有理解实验的目的,他们认为这是多次博弈而不是单次博弈
-
This is a terribly stressful experiment to do to people and, as I say now about a lot of studies that I describe in this class, it would not today be done.
这些在人身上进行的实验非常有压力,正如我说过，有很多,我在课堂上讲过的实验，在今天都是不能进行的。
-
They don't know--They think that they're teaching somebody in a memory game but actually the person who is being shocked is a confederate who is trained to react in certain ways as he's being increasingly shocked.
他们不知道…他们以为,他们是在用记忆游戏来教被电击者,但其实被电击者早就和设计实验的人串通好,当电击者电击的次多增多时,他就会装成相应的样子。
-
Some of the most important fascinating studies in the field of psychology where a person off the street was told by an experimenter to shock another person, even to the point where the other person is screaming to stop.
两者都是心理学领域,最精彩的研究，在街上随便找个人,在实验者的指示去电击另一个人，甚至电击到另一个人尖叫恳求停止。
-
When there are studies which ask people who is more likely to be a lawyer, someone who's Jewish or someone who is Hispanic, who is likely to be taller, somebody from Japan or somebody from Sweden, people can answer these things.
在一些实验里，有人问别人,什么样的人更有可能成为律师，犹太人或者西班牙裔，什么样的人会长得更高，日本人，或者瑞典人，人们会给出这样的答案。
-
Because they said the experiment must go on, very often, people went-- most people, Americans went on and shocked that person, even to the point of the other person whimpering and begging to be let out, simply because of the word, " "the experiment must go on".
因为他们说实验必须进行下去，经常的，人们会-,多数人，美国人都会继续电击那个人，甚至电击到另一个人哭泣,恳求放他出去，仅仅是因为那一句，“实验必须进行下去。
-
People did say they were happy to have participated and only 2% said that they were sorry, but still serious damage could have been done and perhaps was done.
但确实有人说他们很高兴能参与实验,只有2%的人说他们感到难过，但这个实验可能对电击者造成严重的伤害,也许已经造成了。
-
And the finding is that the majority of people will deliver fatal shocks to this person who they had never met based on the instructions of another person.
实验结果表明大部份人,会对这个从来没见过的人进行致命电击,根据的是另一个人的指示。
-
I want to end this lecture summing up, drawing a lot upon Milgram and some other work, and talk first about two forces for evil and then to end by talking about two forces for good.
在本节课最后，我想总结，通过详细讲解米尔格林姆实验，还有其他实验，为大家讲解使人变坏的两股力量,最后讲使人变好的两股力量。
应用推荐