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But,there also are these strong traditions of popular Royalism, of ordinary people and peasants who believe fervently in the monarchy.
但仍有很多人信仰君主主义,普通人和农民们热衷于君主主义
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But there are a lot of like artists and more like liberal people, and it's a very relaxed place to be.
但是那儿有许多艺术家和一些自由主义者，所以那里是一个很让人放松的地方。
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He's the friend of women everywhere, at least for a few of his female readers in the eighteenth century, and for many he's the very embodiment of oppressive patriarchy.
他到处都有女人缘，至少在18世纪他有不少女性读者，但对很多人来说他是压抑的男权主义的象征。
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How many think that it does succeed of arguing within utilitarian terms for a distinction between higher and lower pleasures?
有多少人觉得它成功地,在功利主义范畴区分了高级和低级快乐？
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Turn now to the second basic view, the physicalist view, according to which a person is just a body.
现在我们转而讨论第二个基本观念,物理主义观,核心思想是人只是个肉体
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You could argue that both Southerners and Northerners shared a certain degree of old-fashioned American localism, attachment to place.
你可以争辩说南方人和北方人,都有一点,旧式的美国地方主义,依恋着所处的地方
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We use the adjective "Newtonian" but we don't speak of certain writers who are still interested in quantum mechanics as "Newtonian writers."
虽然我们用牛顿主义者这个词“,但是我们不会把那些,对量子力学有兴趣的人称作牛顿主义作家“
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Bourgeois and burghers, as I said last time, are urban residents who are losing their privileges on the continent to big-time absolute states.
中产阶级和市民,正如我上次所讲的,这些城市居民是那些在欧洲大陆,被绝对主义国家剥夺权利的人
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I don't think, some do, that the question of cultural relativism has been solved.
虽然有些人持相反观点，但我觉得,文化相对主义这个问题并没有被解决。
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To the republicans, he was tainted with monarchy, or monarchism.
对于共和党人，他又坚信君主政体，或是君主专制主义。
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There has been study after study showing that people in the military who were otherwise, for instance, racists after working with people of different races liked them more because you had all of the right ingredients.
不断地有研究表明,在军队里，以前是种族主义者的人,和不同种族的人合作后，会更喜欢他们,因为军队里都包含了这些促成因素。
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But,anyway,so when France collapsed after the war, and when the Commune comes along,it seems to Royalists, that is,the people who wanted a restoration of the monarchy, that their ship had come in.So what's going to happen?
回到正题,当法国在战后崩溃,公社出现,对君主主义者来说,这些人希望君主制的复辟,他们的机会来了,将会发生什么呢
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Now, how many agree with that argument, agree with the libertarian argument that redistribution for the sake of trying to help the poor is wrong?
有多少人同意自由主义者的这一驳论，认为为了帮助穷人,进行财富再分配不对？
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And in between these two extremes are the moderates, " who say, "For some of us, " death comes too soon.
在这两种极端观点之间是温和主义，他们会说，“对于某些人，“死亡来得太早。
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And in a thousand other ways Americans realized racism isn't a Southern thing, it's everywhere, belongs to everyone.
经历这些种种后,美国人意识到,种族主义不仅仅局限于南方,它无处不在,所有人都与它脱不了干系
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A sense of reciprocity is establishedbetween the tow truck and the person who helps the tow truck out of being stuck -a fine sense of reciprocity, so the expectation is that there will be a moral.
在托运车和把托运车从困境中解救出来的人之间,建立起了一个互惠主义关系,相互帮助，一个很好的感觉，所以期待是这其中会有一个寓意。
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How many disagree with the utilitarian approach to law and to the common good?
有多少人不同意,功利主义在法律及公共利益方面的做法？
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And there's the physicalist view, according to which there are no souls.
而物理主义,认为人没有灵魂
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Again, the only point here is that they see themselves as anti-absolutists.
回到主题上来,现在唯一的关键点就在于,英国人把自己当做反绝对主义份子
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We are, as I said, early in the semester when I said I'm a physicalist, I believe that people are just machines, but we're not just any old machine.
我们是，就像我之前说我是物理主义者时，我相信人只是机器，但我们不是旧机器。
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Now, it will not come as news to me if I were to learn that several of you, maybe even many of you, in this class accept hedonism.
我不会觉得新奇,如果得知你们中有几个，也许有不少人，在这个课堂里的都认为接受享乐主义。
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But the complaint then, or the objection to the physicalist, takes the form that we couldn't be a merely physical entity because no merely physical entity could have free will.
但人们对此的诟病,或物理主义的反驳者认为,人不可能仅仅是一个物理实体,因为物理实体不可能有自由意志
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You can be a product of the Enlightenment, with a faith in reason, and not become a Romantic who begins to believe in the possibilities of man, or even the perfectibility of man.
你是启蒙运动的产物,带着对理智的信心,而不是相信一个,相信人类无所不能,甚至人的完善性的浪漫主义者
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I mean, after all from the physicalist's point of view, we're just a kind of glorified robot, able to do all sorts of things that most robots in most science fiction movies can do.
我的意思是,根据物理主义者的观点,人只是一种"高级"的机器人,能做到大多数科幻电影里,大多数机器人所能做到的事
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Physicalists also believe in minds.
物理主义者也相信人有心灵
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If I told you that I decided to buy a greyhound instead of a pit bull because I wanted a dog of a gentle temperament, nobody would scream that I'm a dog racist involving--and--but honestly, it's a stereotype.
如果我告诉你我决定,买一条灵缇犬，而不是斗牛犬,因为我想要一条温驯的狗，没有人会说我是狗品种主义者,但说实话，这就是刻板印象。
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Now, the crucial point here, the point I was turning to as we ended last time, is that although a person on the physicalist view is just a body, a person isn't just any old body.
但问题的中心,即我在上次结课前谈到的关键点,在于尽管从物理主义的角度来看,人只是肉体,但并不是普通的肉体
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It's important... I think this is the crucial point... that when we say a person is just a body, we don't understand that to mean... the physicalist doesn't mean that as-- a person is just any old body.
有个重要的一点...,我觉得这是最关键的一点,就是当我们说人只是个肉体时,我们不知道这意味着...,物理主义的意思不是...,人只是随随便便的某种肉体
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Again, the elite in Britain were scared, because you've got all these Ranter groups and Levelers and people who believe that everybody ought to have the right to vote, whether they have property or not and people that believe in the right of women.
英国的精英们被吓得要死,英国当时有各种喧骚派团体,平均主义者以及民众,他们相信每个人都应该享有投票的权力,不论贫富,还有人认为妇女也应有投票权
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