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When Darius II died, who was the king of the Persians, Alexander himself took on Darius's title, which was Great King.
波斯国王大流士二世死后，亚历山大使用了大流士的头衔，也就是“大帝“
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I mean, I like, my favorite designers right now are probably... I love Alexander Wang.
我想我现在喜欢的设计师是……我爱亚历山大•王。
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Alexander took this tendency of syncretism, of mixing together different religious traditions from different places, and he used it as a self-conscious propaganda technique.
于是亚历山大利用宗教融合，即把不同地区的不同宗教传统融合，作为有意为之的宣传工具。
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Remember back to Alexander H. Steven's cornerstone quote he uses the word "Natural" Twice in that passage.
还记得亚历山大·斯蒂文的柱石上的引文,这段引文中他用了"自然"这个概念两次
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Aristotle famously was a tutor of Alexander the Great. Machiavelli spent a large part of his career in the foreign service of his native Florence and wrote as an advisor to the Medici.
亚里士多德有指导亚历山大大帝的著名史实；,马奇亚维利职涯中,长期服务于佛罗伦萨,原乡的外交部门,而且是梅迪西家族的顾问；
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I mean, J. K. Rowling, Lloyd Alexander, C. S. Lewis, whatever you like.
比如说，罗琳、亚历山大、路易斯，你喜欢的都行。
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All right, this is actually a very old piece of imperative knowledge for computing square roots, it's attributed to Heron of Alexandria, although I believe that the Babylonians are suspected of knowing it beforehand.
好，这是一个很古老的,关于计算平方根的程序性知识，是亚历山大的海伦提出的，不过我怀疑在那之前,巴比伦人就已经猜想过了。
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I don't know quite how Alex managed it but that's what they say, but the principle is established.
我不太清楚亚历山大是怎么塞到枕头底下去的,但他们确实是这么说的,准则就是由此建立的
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But what Alexander and his successors did was they made sort of a conscious, propagandistic decision to use religious syncretism to bind together their kingdoms.
但是亚历山大和他的继业者所做的,是决定通过有意的政治宣传，用宗教融合,来维系他们的王国。
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His letter was not binding on anybody else, except the churches in his Alexandrian diocese.
他的书信对其他人都没有约束作用，除了他在亚历山大教区的教会。
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So that's one of the most important things about Alexander and his successors is they Hellenized the entire eastern Mediterranean, and that meant every major city would have a certain commonality to it.
亚历山大及其继业者最大的成就之一,就是将整个地中海东部希腊化了，也就是说所有大城市都有共同点。
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It's the Easter letter by the Bishop Athanasius, who was Bishop of Alexandria.
它是阿萨内修斯主教写的复活节书信，他是亚历山大市的主教。
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What Alexander had wanted to do was to take all these different peoples, who spoke different languages and had different customs, and use a Greek layer to sort of unite his empire overall.
亚历山大的理想是，让所有说不同语言，不同习俗的民族，用一种希腊文化统一帝国。
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The Egyptians were the lowest in the city.
埃及人是亚历山大港地位最低的。
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At the end of the day that's where Alexander H. Stephens went, with his Cornerstone Speech in 1861.
最后,就在那里,亚历山大斯蒂芬斯,于1861年完成了著名的基石演讲
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And what Alexander and his successors did was they took that basic Greek structure, and they transplanted it all over the Eastern Mediterranean, whether they were in Egypt or Syria or Asia Minor or anyplace else.
而亚历山大和他的继业者,把这些希腊式结构，移植到了地中海东部各地，无论是埃及，叙利亚，小亚细亚还是其他地方。
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After his death, his empire was divided up among his generals, and after some fighting and maneuvering and negotiations, four successors to Alexander the Great finally ended up splitting up his large empire into four smaller empires.
亚历山大死后，他的帝国被部下瓜分，经过数场战争，谋略及谈判，四位亚历山大大帝的继业者,最终将他庞大的帝国分割为四个部分。
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They were four generals of Alexander.
他们都是亚历山大麾下的将领。
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But how do we get to 1861 and that secession crisis with Alexander H. Stephens delivering this Cornerstone Speech, declaring that, "Hey folks, it's all about slavery and its preservation?"
但事情怎么会演变到1861年那样,乃至之后的分离危机,亚历山大为何能在这篇演讲中,宣称,"嘿,伙计们,今天我要讲的是奴隶制和对其保护"
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Alexander H. Stephens, a Georgian, a slaveholder, said the cornerstone of the Confederacy, the cornerstone of their political movement, was what he called "American Negro slavery."
亚历山大· H·斯蒂芬斯,一个来自乔治亚州的奴隶主,用他的演讲为邦联打下了基石,这块邦联政治运动的基石,被他称为,"美国的黑人奴隶制度"
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You have therefore one world, - and in fact this whole dream of Alexander-- and it was a very self-conscious, propaganda campaign and a cultural campaign on Alexander's part.
成为一个世界，事实上，亚历山大的这个梦想-,对于他本人来说，是一场自发的宣传运动及文化运动。
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Last time I began with Alexander H. Stephens's famous Cornerstone Speech in 1861, the famous passage by the Vice-President of the Confederacy declaring slavery the cornerstone of the Confederate Movement.
上次我说到亚历山大·H·史蒂芬,1861年著名的奠基石演讲,就是那个邦联副总统做的讲话,声称奴隶制是邦联运动的奠基石
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