These are called population measures because they refer to the whole population of possible outcomes and they measure the probabilities.

这些是用来度量总体的变量,因为他们对应的是总体中所有的结果,度量的是所有事件的概率

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Then there was deregulation, which started around the 1970s, and the events we've seen--that we're seeing today -are outcomes of both the regulation and the deregulation.

到了70年代,金融的去监管化开始兴起,我们如今所见证的诸多事件,是监管与去监管共同作用的结果

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The trouble is, you just don't know when that explosion took place, and since there are several periods in this general area that we're talking about now, in which something big happened, some great change takes place, it turns out different people want to have their explosion at different times.

问题是,你不了解火山爆发的,确切时间以及这种爆发,在这个区域又延续了很多个时期,这些时期发生了许多重大事件和重大变化,结果就是不同人对,火山爆发的时间推测各不相同

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

When you do these calculations, which I just did for insurance-- I was talking about insurance companies-- assuming that risks are independent, everything's independent and we've got it all figured out.

当你试图去,做保险相关计算时,我指的是保险公司...,假定风险是独立的,事件都是独立的,可以算出一个结果

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选