What this does then is it paralyzes you because your motor neurons-- You send the command to your arm to stand, to lift up.

结果就是它能使你瘫痪,因为你的运动神经元,你想要举起手臂

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And when his father raises his hand, he flinches.

他的父亲举起手臂，他就会闪躲。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

In the eighteenth century, a poet named Mark Akenside wrote a long poem called The Pleasures of the Imagination, and in this poem there is the line "The great creator raised his plastic arm."

在十八世纪，一位名叫马克？阿肯赛德的诗人写了一首长诗,叫《想象的快乐》,诗中有一句是,伟大的造物主举起了他的plastic的手臂“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

What happened in that case is he has learned that the raising of a hand is a signal that he is about to be hit and so he responds to that signal.

在这个例子中，他知道,举起的手臂是他即将挨打的信号,因此他对这个信号作出了反应。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选