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And you don't have to be too careful or fine about gradations of punishment in the state of nature.
而且在自然状态中，你不必,对实施惩罚的程度太过小心。
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In the biochemical reactions that are taking place in your body, there is equilibrium between a whole myriad of reactants and products, and thank heavens that gets maintained.
在我们身体内进行的,生物化学反应中，大量的反应物和产物,也是处于平衡状态，谢天谢地实际情况就是这样。
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Now one of the moments in which this tension between virginity and chastity seems to be most pronounced is in the encounter between Comus and the Lady that we looked at in the last class.
在紧张状态中有一个时刻,涉及童贞和贞节，似乎最为明显,那就是我们上节课看到的,科玛斯和那位女士的相遇。
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So many of them would have gone up to Jerusalem and a real tension is going to develop between the Jerusalem priests and this class of Levites who are newcomers; and we'll see some of that tension played out in some other texts.
他们中的许多人将去耶路撒冷，一次真正的紧张状态,将在耶路撒冷的牧师和这些新来的利未人,中逐渐发展起来;我们将会在其它的经文中,看到一些这种紧张状态。
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Right. -So I would say we were back now to the ordinary, the ongoing cultural war.
所以，我认为我们现在回到了,正常状态，回到了不断进行的文化论战中。
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It is a condition for Hobbes of maximum insecurity where in his famous formula " "life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
对霍布斯来说，这是一种使安全感最大化的状态,这种安全感在他有名的公式中被表述,“生命是孤独的，贫穷的，肮脏的，残忍的，短暂的“
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So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.
所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。
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The answer lies in "a universal attribute of instinct and perhaps of organic life in general," that "an instinct is an urge inherent in organic life to restore an earlier state of things."
答案就在本能,或者生命机体中“,他说：，“本能就是生命体与生俱来的,想要回到最初状态的驱动力“
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Well that process of control to maintain a constant environment inside our body, whether it's an environment of constant mass or constant composition, or constant temperature, is called homeostasis.
这个控制过程维持着,体内环境的恒定,不论是内环境中物质的量的稳定,或者成分的稳定,或温度的稳定,这种状态叫做内稳态
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In this case defined chiefly by their intelligence, but other things too. Well, anyway in this case, in Greek political thinking the aristocracy of birth is the default position.
这主要取决于他们的才能,不过也包含其他方面,不管怎样,那个时候在希腊人的政治思维中,贵族统治就是初始的状态
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In the coordination game, where the idea is to try and get people to coordinate on a particular equilibria rather than on another equilibria, or worse still, to be uncoordinated entirely.
在协调博弈中,领导力的作用就是促成人们达成,某个特定均衡而不是其他均衡,甚至是完全缺乏协调的混乱状态
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One of the sentences that I'll repeat throughout the class is that happiness is much more contingent on our state of mind than our status or the state of our bank account.
有一句话我会在课程中经常引用,快乐由我们的精神状态而定，而不是社会地位或银行存款。
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If you want to know which part of your brain is responsible for language, you could put somebody into a scanner and have them exposed to language or do a linguistic task or talk or something and then see what parts of their brain are active.
如果你想知道大脑的哪个区域,负责语言功能,你可以对被试进行扫描,让他们暴露在语言环境中,或是进行语言学任务,或者聊天,然后观察他们的哪些脑区处于活跃状态
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but rather, is there any good reason to think that we're all or most of us are in that situation, are in that state of belief where, although we give lip service to the claim that we're going to die, is there any good reason to believe that fundamentally we don't actually believe it?
而是是否有好的理由认为,我们中全部或者大部分都处于，这样一种相信的状态，虽然我们都声称自己会死，是否有好的理由相信,我们其实根本不相信呢？
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So if you've got putty or terminal up on the screen, -- and you're having some trouble that's really best seen with -- in that natural environment, we can actually see sort of tech-support style on the right-hand side what you're doing, and you can see everything we're doing.
所以如果你有Putty软件或者终端机在屏幕上，你遇到一些麻烦来显示最佳状态-,在那个自然环境中，我们可以看到很多,技术支持类型,在你们做的东西的右手边，你们可以看我我们在做的一切。
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Because this is what comes directly out of an equation of state, right?
因为它,可以直接从状态方程中得到？
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And again, this is something that comes from an equation of state.
我们再一次发现,这个可以从状态方程中得出。
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They reached their final form in the exilic or post-exilic period.
最终它们处于放逐中或被放逐后的状态。
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It's in light of this ongoing cultural tension in the period that, I think, we can understand some of the strange confusions concerning chastity that we find in the poem that we're looking at.
根据那年代持续的文化紧张状态，我认为我们可以理解那些,在诗中读到的涉及贞节的困惑。
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And the fact that relations in the state of nature it's synonymous with making it a condition of war, of "all against all," in his famous formulation.
自然状态中的关系对他来说,与战争中抗一切人的状态同义，他在著名的构想中如是说。
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Continual success," he writes in chapter 6, "continual success in obtaining those things which a man from time to time desireth is what is called happiness or felicity.
不断取得成功“，他在第六章中写到，“一个人对于时常想望的事物能不断取得成功,也就是处于不断繁荣昌盛状态时,就是人们所谓的福祉。
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What is the moral status, if any, of these laws?
这些法则中得到的状态又是什么？
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Now, remember we talked about these last time, voltage-gated channels are channels that would allow the passage of sodium, in this case, but they can exist in two states, a closed state and an open state.
还记得我们上节课讨论过的吧,电压门控通道是,一种可以容许钠离子通过的通道,在这一例子中 电压门控通道有两种状态,关闭状态和开放状态
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And by a "state of nature" he means, or by a state of war, he means a condition where there is no recognized authority in his language to keep us in awe, no authority to awe us.
而且通过“自然状态，或者通过战争状态，他意在说明一种状态,在他的说法里没有一个被认可的权力,将我们维持在敬畏中，没有权利使我们敬畏。
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Individual freedom, although it has greatly elevated the condition of the people who have lived in free societies, inevitably permits inequalities which are the more galling, because each person is plainly free to try to improve his situation and largely responsible for the outcome.
个人自由的理念,虽然提升了自由社会中人们,的生活条件,但是不可避免的会产生烦恼和更多的焦虑,因为每个人都有极大的自由去,提升自己的生活状态,并对自己的所作所负有极大的责任
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Among the things Socrates says he cares deeply about is his calling, as he puts it, to do nothing but persuade you both younger and older not to care for your bodies and money but how your soul will be in the best possible condition.
苏格拉底的言论中,最让他关心的是他的呼唤，他一心只想说服你们,无论老幼都不要在乎,肉身及金钱,而要关注你的灵魂,是否处于最佳状态。
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This is again the sort of existential condition in which Hobbes wants to put us in the state of nature and all the benefits he lists there, he enumerates, that are denied to us in such a condition, again no knowledge, no geography, no cultivation of the earth, no navigation or building.
这也是霍布斯,把我们置于自然状态,和他列举的益处的,现存状态中，在这种状态中,否认知识，地理，土地栽培，航海和舒适建筑的存在。
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So there are two components integral and inseparable in the concept of holiness: initial assignment of holy status by God and establishment of rules to preserve that holy status, and secondly, actualization of that holiness by humans through the observance of the commandments and rules that mark that thing off as holy.
因此在神圣这一概念中，有两个组成部分,一个是上帝最初形成的神圣状态,和为了保持这个神圣状态而建立的规则制度，第二个是，人们通过遵守戒律,而将神圣现实化到生活中,将神圣的事物标记出来。
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That's a reversible path.
注：即变化过程中气体的任何状态。
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But even the Hobbesian state, Hobbes admits himself, the Hobbesian state lives in the midst of a Hobbesian world; that is to say, the world of international relations is for Hobbes simply the state of nature at large.
不过他也承认，这霍布斯式的国家只能存在于,霍布斯式的世界状态里，而在这样的世界状态中,国家关系只是放大了的自然关系。
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