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so I'm going to begin by showing you a very personal look at my hometown, a bus ride.
所以我将首先展示一下,关于我家乡的一个个人视角,一次公车旅程。
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There were five guys, from this village in where this sort of tribe in Egypt,
有五个人，他们来自这么一个埃及部落的一个村子，
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So right now,let's imagine two people with Napoleon's personalities, complete personalities,one of them in Michigan,one of them in New York.
那么现在试想一下，有两个人拥有拿破仑的人格，完整的人格，一个在密西根，一个在纽约。
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Somebody in one of the old Greek cities has to decide that he wants to go out and establish a colony.
在其中一个古希腊的城市中,突然有个人决定要建立一个殖民地
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The best study to show this is a quiz show study, which is you take two people and you flip a coin.
这个理论的最佳研究就是一个问答节目研究，找来两个人，抛硬币。
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This is individual services like teaching piano or cutting someone's grass or a hairstylist.
还有个人服务，比如教钢琴,或是帮别人修剪草坪或是作一个发型师。
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I don't want to have a section with 30 in it.
我不想要一个30个人班级。
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And the poem goes on, and this is the tone of a poem. It's a poem of crisis, a poem of a kind of hollow speaker, someone who emerges as, more or less, buried alive. And this is supposed to reflect both personal crisis and a historical crisis.
然后这首诗继续娓娓道来，这就是诗歌的韵律,这是首关于危机的诗，关于一个有点言之无物的叙述者,最后活活烧死的诗，这恰好反映了,个人和历史的危机。
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In the first place, what I want to impress upon you is that the sovereign is for Hobbes less a person than it is or he is an office.
首先，我要让你们明白，霍布斯所论及的君主,不只是一个拥有公职权力的人,更不是一个普通单纯的个人。
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He introduced a new concept, which he called-- his own neologism, "salutogenesis".
他引进了一个新概念，他称之为-,他个人创造的新词，健康本源学。
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It's the story of decisions taken by individual people.
是一个关于个人决定的故事
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If one were faced with starvation, then seeking out fat as we discussed before, is a pretty good idea, but if one is not deprived of calories, then having fat may not be so helpful.
如果一个人面临饥饿,像我们之前讨论的去寻求脂肪,是个好主意,但是如果一个人不消耗热量,那么摄取脂肪就没什么用了
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In fact, there's a rabbinic image, there's a rabbinic tradition that talks about this period of time, and has God and Moses talking, and God says: Listen, between the two of us, whenever I blow hot, you blow cold, or when I pour hot water, you pour cold, and when you pour hot, I'll pour cold, and together we'll muddle through, and get through here.
事实上，这里有一个与犹太律法相关的意象，犹太律法传统,描述了这段时间中，上帝和摩西又一次谈话，上帝说：“听着，在我们两个人中间，当我吹热风，你要吹冷风，当我泼热水，你要泼冷水，当你泼热水的时候，我们泼凉水,我们将一起应付各种情形。
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Yes, to me personally, I feel like it all depends on one's personal morals and like we can't sit here and just, like this is just my opinion, ... of course other people are going to disagree but Well we'll see, let's see what their disagreements are and then we'll see if they have reasons that can persuade you or not.
对，就我个人来讲，我觉得这完全取决于一个人的道德修养,而不是我们在这坐着说得清楚的，当然这只是我一家之言，其他人肯定会反对，但是,这个到时再说，先看他们的反对意见是什么,再来看他们的理由是否能说服你。
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just being able to keep saying from a person's perspective which is very hard to see when you get very tense and very defensive. And it's just so good for me to have have someone like Saed especially with Saed personally, just to have that gate.
就是能够,从一个个人的角度聊问题,而如果你很紧张就很难做到这一点,很有戒备心的时候就很难，所以我能够,有Saed是非？牡？,有这扇门。
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It has been argued, and I think this is a brilliant point, that the most important word in Paradise Lost is or, the conjunction.
或者广受争议的，我个人认为是出色的一个想法，即中最重要的词就是这个连词，或者。
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But in the meantime you see that we can't mess with conventional systems by imposing the individuality of our will on them and expecting anything to change.
所以，我们不能,以个人的意志改变,一个事物在惯例中的意义。
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There's a little icon of a hand here, at top left, you go ahead and click that, and what happens is, we, the staff, see a little blinking icon in the top left that says one out of two hands, one out of 10 hands, or some number of hands, and it maintains in the little row up there your placement in line.
这里有一个小的手势图标，在左上角,点击它，我们教员，在左上角就看到一个小的闪烁的图标，这说明,两个人中有一个举手，10个人中有一个举手，或很多人中有人举手，并且它处于一行之中,那里你们布置成一行了。
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This is just President Bush.
布什个人的一个特点是。
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And I personally don't really understand why we need a Royal Family.
我个人真的不理解为什么我们需要一个皇室。
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But notice that that label,personal identity, the problem of personal identity, seems to have built into it the assumption that whatever it is that's me is going to be a person.
但请注意这个标签，个人认同感，个人认同感的问题，似乎是建立在这样一个假设上,无论我是什么，都将是一个人。
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So, it is from the beginning a society in which the community is a critical element, maybe the critical element, an individual who didn't live in a society could not achieve the kinds of glory and fame,and recognition that you expect from a hero.
所以,它最初是这样一个社会,在这个社会中,集体是一个关键性元素,也许是唯一的关键性元素,一个没有社会生活的个人是得不到,荣誉,名望,赏识,这些英雄们才能拥有的东西的
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No,according to the personality theory, what personal identity requires isn't item-for-item the same personality, but rather the same evolving personality.
不，根据人格理论，个人认同感并不需要一个完全相同的人格，而是同样在进化的人格。
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So stop thinking about yourself as a person with rights, so thinking about yourself as a part of a whole society, all these people having responsibilities to one another, and those are most important.
别把你自己看成是一个有权利的个人，把你自己看成是整个社会的一部分，人人都对彼此负有责任，这些是最重要的事情。
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But what Milgram found that was particularly interesting was that in about half of the cases these packages went through two people.
但米尔格林姆一个特别有趣的发现是,有一半包裹经过了两个人。
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Another aspect that is very important in this sort of enlightenment approach is individualism, that the core of everything is the single individual person.
另外一个启蒙思想的,重要方面是,个人主义,即一切事物的核心在于每个单独的个人
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Everyone is put in a cohort-- about 3 to 5 people.
每个人-,和另外三五个人组织一个团队。
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So, to confine the individual, it seems, to one and only one sphere of life would seem to do an injustice to the internal psychological complexity that makes each of us who we are.
所以，将个人约束在，唯一一个人生阶层之中似乎不公,因为忽视了,内心的复杂度,而这正是让我们每一个人显得独特的原因。
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It's headed by one person but in our case it had 4-5 people working on nothing but the president's schedule.
通常有一个人完成,但我们的办公室由4，5个人负责,他们仅仅是负责日程安排。
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