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But for Milton's contemporaries in the seventeenth century, Milton's power really wasn't at all aesthetic or even religious in nature.
但在17世纪弥尔顿同时代的人看来，弥尔顿的力量却是毫无美感的，甚至本质上不是宗教上的。
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One way to put it, especially in nineteenth-century realism which particularly interests Brooks, is all these characters are just madly making bad object choices.
一种解释的方式，用19世纪现实主义的观点来看,也就是布鲁克斯感兴趣的观点来看，就是小说中的人物在疯狂地做着错误的决定。
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So the period of the exile is the sixth century, the bulk of the middle of the sixth century.
那么六世纪的流放期，六世纪中页的大部分时期。
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That's another invention of the 1600s, by the way-- the thermometer. And they learned that concept-- perfectly natural to us--temperature.
顺便说一下,温度计也是十七世纪的发明,那时候的人才刚刚开始理解温度的概念,虽然对我们来说这是个很自然的概念
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Up until this period, the early 1650s, Milton was a devoted contributor to the ideal Puritan notion of this government, and it was really the height of his political idealism.
直到这一时期，17世纪50年代早期，弥尔顿还忠诚,的拥护这一清教徒政府的理想化理念，这是他的政治理想主义的顶峰。
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With the demise of Rome, in the early Christian centuries, these philosophical academies, these philosophical schools, were absorbed into the medieval monasteries.
随着罗马帝国的灭亡，在基督世纪的初期，这些哲思学院，这些哲思学校，被中古世纪的修道院吸收。
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He's the most famous psychologist ever and he's had a profound influence on the twentieth and twenty-first century.
他是史上最著名的心理学家,对20世纪与21世纪,的心理学界都有着深远的影响。
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Indeed, arguably a modern military power, at least in the seventeenth and early eighteenth-century sense, and he injects European culture into Russia.
至少在十七世纪和十八世纪早期,它可以算是一个现代化的军事大国,同时 他将欧洲文化注入俄国
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I was particularly interested in metaphysical poetry political philosophy -- I wrote my thesis on a radical political philosopher of the 17th century of the civil war period.
我尤其感兴趣的是玄学诗派,和政治哲学，我的毕业论文,就是有关一名激进的政治哲学家,他生活在内战的十八世纪。
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But you can see when you look at all these different codices, different canon lists,from a century later in the 400s,two centuries later in the 500s,three centuries later in the 600s, you still get different lists.
如果你看看那些不同的抄本，不同的正典书目，一个世纪后的主后400年,两个世纪后的主后500年，三个世纪后的主后600年，你得到的书目仍然不同。
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And where we where at the start of the 20th Century in the late 1890's is that we were at a place where there was great confidence in our understanding of the universe, and our understanding of how all matter worked.
0世纪开始讲起,在19世纪的九十年代,人们对于自己,对自然的理解,对自然所有物质,如何工作的理解十分自信。
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Phoenicia was located where Lebanon is now, and it goes back to maybe the tenth century, maybe the ninth, and it was powerful.
腓尼基就位于现在的黎巴嫩,在公元前十世纪,或许是九世纪,腓尼基实力强大
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Then from these beginnings, engineers transformed life in the twentieth century: a lot of things started in the twentieth century and became common place.
从此开始,工程师们改变了二十世纪的生活,有很多东西在二十世纪发明并得到普及
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In the second half of the twentieth century and up now into the twenty-first century, writers were thinking very hard about what to do stylistically with all the innovations that come in that powerful period known as modernism.
自二十世纪下半叶,直至现今二十一世纪,作家都在努力思考在现代主义影响,深远的这个时期里该怎样进行文体上的创新。
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And if you go back into the 1800's when thermodynamics was starting, there were a zillion different temperatures scales Everybody had their own favorite temperature scale The one that we're most familiar with is the centigrade or Celsius scale where mercury was the substance, and the volume of mercury is the property.
如果你回头看看19世纪温度计,刚开始使用的时候，那时有不计其数的不同温标,每个人都有他们自己最喜欢的温标,我们最熟悉的是,摄氏温标，用水银,作为工作物质，水银的体积是所用的性质。
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I said earlier that this is an old idea, I mean it goes back into the eighteenth you can find all kinds of examples of these stereotypical conceptions of the South in French, British visitors.
我之前说过这是一个陈旧的观点,这是十八世纪的观点,你能找到各种各样的例子,说明在法国,英国的游客心中,存在对于南方的偏见
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When we think of the kinds of examples of material machines that we've got available to us in the fourteenth century, I try to imagine what would somebody in the fourteenth century think to himself or herself when he entertains the possibility that a plant might just be a machine?
当我们回想14世纪时期的,各种机器,我试着想象,一个生活在14世纪的人,他,或她,在面对一株植物可能,只不过是一台机器的观点时会怎么想
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The text into which any early modern seventeenth-century writer would jot his or her thoughts into, his reading notes, was always called a commonplace book.
他的阅读笔记,那是许多早期的十七世纪现代作家都会深深思考的笔记，它常常被称为一本普通的书。
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These new thirteenth century settlements, however, are in their material culture, that is to say their pots and their jars and their houses, entirely Canaanite.
然而这是十三世纪的新定居点，这是在他们的物质文化中，也就是说,他们的锅，陶罐和房屋都是迦南式的。
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You've got to think about that and what it means and how were they transmitted and preserved without ; the means of technology, obviously, that we have today; and what was so exciting in the middle of the twentieth century was the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls.I'm sure that you've heard of them.
你们需要考虑到这点及这意味着什么,还有在没有当今我们所拥有的技术的年代,是如何传播和留传下来的;,在20世纪中期时最令人兴奋的就是发现了,死海古卷，我确定你们曾经听说过。
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Although, I said, insurance was effectively discovered or invented in the 1600s, it has been slow to grow because they didn't have the well-defined-- all of the inventions yet.
尽管我说过，保险实际上,是在17世纪的时候被发现或者发明的，但它的发展非常缓慢,因为人们无法确切定义-,这种被发明出的东西。
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It's interesting,though,he does list the letters of Paul last, behind the other letters,rather than before them, as we have in our list. And then, we don't really start getting any kind of consistency with this until into the third and fourth and fifth and sixth centuries.
有趣的是他把保罗的书信放到了最后，它被列在其他书信后面而非前面，这跟现代的书目一样，书目最终的确定时间,是在主后第三至第六世纪。
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Now I want to really clarify for you what I mean by this term "modernism." It just means the art and literature of the early twentieth century, especially the "high art," although its roots are definitely in the nineteenth century, especially the French nineteenth century, fiction and poetry.
现在我特别想向大家解释清楚,“现代主义“到底是什么意思，它其实就是指,20世界早期的艺术和文学作品，特别是高雅艺术“,尽管它起源于19世纪，特别是19世纪法国的小说和诗歌。
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I think the sort of skepticism I mean arises from what one might call and what often is called modernity not to be confused with Modernism, an early twentieth-century phenomenon, but the history of modern thought as it usually derives from the generation of Descartes, Shakespeare, and Cervantes.
我所说的怀疑主义,产生于我们通常说的现代性,不要与20世纪早期的，现代主义搞混了，现代性是现代思想的历史,始于笛卡尔，莎士比亚和塞万提斯一代。
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Here's one, "It is clear that the emergence of the hoplite was only the beginning of a lengthy process which certainly lasted more than a century, and may have lasted more than two centuries, leading to the creation of a close ordered hoplites only phalanx.
他说道,"很显然重装步兵的出现,仅仅是漫长战争史的开端,持续了多达一个世纪,甚至可能超过两个世纪,漫长的战争造就了列阵严整的重步兵方阵
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That's another one of those sentences by Faulkner that sort of captured this spirit of Alabama Fever, as it was called, in the 1820s and '30s, and Mississippi Fever in the 1830s, Louisiana/Texas Fever by the 18 well Louisiana Fever is even earlier--but Texas Fever by the 1840s.
还有福克纳写的另一部作品,作品谈到了十九世纪二三十年代的,圈地狂潮,在阿拉巴马州,十九世纪三十年代的密西西比,在路易斯安那州和德克萨斯州,路易斯安那州圈地潮相对出现得更早,德克萨斯州圈地潮是在十九世纪四十年代
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And we can argue about whether or not that's work, but that has been the intention certainly in the 20th century and now 21st.
我们可以对这种现象有所争论，但这个观点,肯定是20世纪和现在21世纪的焦点。
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Some of them were alive in the ninth and certainly some of them were alive in the time of Homer in the eighth.
有些生活在九世纪 当然,还有些生活在荷马所在的八世纪
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As with almost all of the issues of contemporary and political struggle in the seventeenth century, Milton's own views really pull decidedly to the left, to the progressive end of the political spectrum.
和17世纪几乎所有的现代的,政治斗争相伴的是，弥尔顿的观点果断的偏向了左翼，偏向了政治图谱的革新分子一方。
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