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If you look at the world of Mycenae once again, we've already seen this, you have a despotism of some kind.
如果你重温一下迈锡尼,我们之前也讲过,你会从某种程度上想到专制
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In other words, you have a degree of monarchical power control of true, monarchical power, of a wealthy monarchical power.
换句话说,那里有一个王权至上,富有的君主专制国家
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And, so, you have the kings there; and the whole process of absolutism, which you don't have to know about.
因此,存在君主,就存在一系列的专制主义论调,这里就不细说了
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This will be important to try and understand the French revolution, La Revolution francaise, that there's a difference between absolutism and despotism.
这个观点对于尝试理解法国大革命很重要,绝对主义和专制主义是有区别的
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Milton's striking such a strange authoritarian note here that it's easy to skip over it.
弥尔顿在这里提出了很专制的话,很容易被人漏读。
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It is easy to confuse, as many people have done, the Republic, with a recipe for tyranny.
这很容易令人困惑，很多人也真的被困住，拿着《理想国》作为专制的药方。
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But so long as there is a non-arbitrary rule of law, then it's permissible.
但只要有一部非专制的法律，那这就是允许的。
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That if government's democracy or dictatorship. It matters.
对于最终是民主政府还是专制政府，这至关重要。
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Let me mention, I've emphasized in many ways the absolutist and authoritarian side of Hobbes' teaching.
所以我曾多次强调过,霍布斯在他的政治主张中,具有专制独裁的一面。
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One thing absolute monarchs don't want is they don't want impediments to their personal rule.
绝对统治者厌恶的一点,就是妨碍他们个人专制的绊脚石
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On the one hand, you will find Hobbes the most articulate defender of political absolutism.
一方面，你会发现霍布斯,是专制主义的坚定捍卫者。
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He seems to be the perfect model of absolutism and of absolute government.
他看起来是专制主义的完美例子,他支持专制的政府。
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This is very different than these absolute kings who can send out their armies, can run by their minions to squish whomever they want like grapes whenever there's trouble.
这就跟专制君王截然不同,这些统治者可以肆意调动军队,驱使麾下的兵卒像踩扁葡萄一样消灭敌人,哪里有骚乱,哪里就会有他们的身影
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But it doesn't matter. There's never one king.
但这无关紧要,重要的是没有君主专制
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He's shamed by the fact that he has been defending injustice and the tyrannical way of life.
他感到羞愧的原因是,自己一直在捍卫,不公及专制君主式的人生。
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By the one, the few, the many, ? or some combination of these three categories?
专制，寡头，民主，或混合政体？
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What bothers Socrates most about our democracy is a certain kind of instability, its tendency to be pulled between extremes of anarchy, between lawlessness and tyranny.
苏格拉底对我们民主最感困扰的是,不稳定性，倾向于失序两端,拉扯的特性，即介于目无法纪与专制之间。
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For many today, Hobbes' conception of the Leviathan state is synonymous with anti-liberal absolutism.
对今天许多的学者而言,霍布斯在《利维坦》中的政治主张,就是反自由主义之专制主义的代名词。
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They were nobles that had the chateaux,; and they didn't dominate; they didn't rule.
他们群是拥有城堡的贵族,但他们不专制,不独裁
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There can be no relations of trust in a large, imperial despotism.
那样的社会可以不需信任的关系,存在于大型，帝国的专制之中。
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To the republicans, he was tainted with monarchy, or monarchism.
对于共和党人，他又坚信君主政体，或是君主专制主义。
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But, in February of 1871 there are elections and the provinces, particularly the conservative, western provinces like Brittany return this extremely monarchist dominated National Assembly that is going to determine the future of France.
在一八七一年二月,举行了一系列选举,并且那些守旧城市,像西部城市布列塔尼,那里的国民大会,又重新被极端君主专制主义者们掌握,而这将决定法国的未来
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And this is precisely the opposite of the tyrant who Plato describes as a person of limitless desires who lacks the most rudimentary kind of governance, namely self-control.
而这正是对比于专制,即柏拉图形容中,拥有无限欲望的人,他们缺少最基本的管理，或说自控。
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The alternative to the city, the empire, can only be ruled despotically.
替代的城市与帝国社会，将仅能接受专制统治。
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They will defend, quite vociferously, their privileges as townspeople against absolutist pretensions of nobles, in the case of the Netherlands and also, to an extent, in England as well.
他们奔走呼号,捍卫自己的权利,以城里人身份去反对贵族的专制野心,而在荷兰,某种程度上,同英国是一样的
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He transforms Russia into an European absolute monarchy with much in common with Frederick the Great, with Sweden, with Austria, the Austria of the Hapsburgs, with Spain, and with France.
他将俄国变成一个欧洲君主专制国家,同腓特烈大帝非常类似,也与瑞典,奥地利,哈布斯王朝的奥地利,西班牙 以及法国类似
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Although Hobbes is widely taken to be a defender of monarchical absolutism, you will note, in your readings, that he displays a kind of studied neutrality over actually what form the sovereign should take.
尽管霍布斯被广泛地认为是,君主专制主义的维护者，但在阅读中你们会发现，他对国家应当采用何种政体,是保持中立姿态的。
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They eventually end up with a monarchy.
最后,荷兰沦为君主专制国家
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Locke is against arbitrary government.
洛克是反对专制政府的。
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