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I'm not talking about investment banks in this lecture -I'm talking about commercial banks, which accept deposits from depositors.
这节课不讲投资银行,只讲商业银行,商业银行从储户那里吸收存款
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The other day, I was looking for my bank in an unfamiliar neighborhood.
前几天，我在一个不熟悉的社区寻找银行。
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You can't call up the banker and say that, but if you're playing golf it comes out perfectly naturally.
他们不可能打电话给银行家说这些的,但如果你们一起打球,就会顺口扯到了
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In other words, banks may lend to you or to me re risky borrowers but they sell the mortgages to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac they get their money right then and there.
换句话说，银行可能借钱给我们,知道我们的信用度不高，knowing，that，we’,但是银行把贷款卖给,房地美和房利美,转手就拿到现钱。
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That's a little less popular now, but.
不过，现在，投资银行不那么热门了。
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In the more advanced countries, there is more trust in the securities markets, so we don't need this relationship banking as much.
在更加发达的国家中,证券市场拥有更高的信誉,所以我们不需要如此依赖银行
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The banks weren't willing to lend more than five years because they didn't trust you; they thought things would change and whatever.
银行不愿批准期限超过五年的贷款,因为他们不相信你,他们认为世事难料
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People can't pay --they can't pay a high interest if they don't have it as a long-term loan.
如果银行不发放长期贷款,他们就不能够支付高额利息
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Investment banks are very different in that a pure investment bank does not accept deposits and it doesn't make loans; it's an underwriter for securities.
投资银行是完全不同的,单纯的投资银行既不吸收存款,也不发放贷款,投行是证券承销商
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If you go into an investment bank and say, I want to open up a deposit, they'll say, we don't do that. So, the word bank is somewhat misleading.
如果你去投行然后说，我想开户，他们会说，投行不做这些业务，所以银行这个词有点令人误解。
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Of course, banks would be reluctant to do it by themselves, but the government's coming with a checkbook to write the money, so they can make the mortgage, and guarantees it.
当然,银行不愿亲自操刀,但是政府带着大量拨款来了,由他们发放抵押贷款,并给予担保
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These are organizations that act like banks but are not called banks because they are not technically banks, so they escape regulation.
这些组织像银行一样运作,但它们不叫银行,因为从技术来讲,它们并不是银行,这使他们得以逃避监管
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One of the stories that is often told is the goldsmith banker's story that goes back I don't know how many hundred years.
经常被人们提起的一个故事是,金匠银行家的故事,它可以追溯到,我不知道是几百年以前了
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They didn't succeed; we still had banking crises so the system didn't seem to work very well.
它们没有取得成功；,我们仍然存在银行业危机,所以这个系统似乎运行得不怎么好。
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The issuing bank would be driven out of business if it didn't. They all were using fractional reserve banking so if you have a big player that's demanding gold from you you're in trouble.
发行纸币的银行将会被驱逐出银行业,如果它不这么做，它们都采取,部分准备金银行制度，所以如果你有一个对手,一直向你索求金子，你会陷入大麻烦的。
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It used to be that the government didn't let banks pay more than a certain amount on their deposits and that helped protect banks because then they didn't have to compete to pay high interest rates -then be incentivized to make risky loans to try to make money with those high interest rates.
在这之前,政府不允许银行对存款,支付超过一定数量的利息,那样做是为了保护银行,因此他们不必争相,去支付高额利率...,因为在高利率支付下银行会倾向于,发放高危贷款以获取利润
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Actually, if you have more than $100,000 in a bank account you should probably pull it out and spread it around over several banks because each bank is separately insured, so there's effectively no limit if you're just a little bit smart and move your accounts around.
如果你的银行存款远不止10万,你最好把多余的取出,分别存入几家银行,因为每家银行都是独立保险的,因此不存在担保额度,只要你聪明一点,把存款分别存入几家银行
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An investment bank is not a bank that accepts deposits; it doesn't deal with the general public.
投资银行不开设存款业务,也不面向大众提供服务
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Well, why not state chartered banks or why not credit unions or other things?
政府为什么不出租银行,为什么不出租信用社或者其他金融机构？
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Bank failures occur when there's not enough gold in the vault and then people start asking for the gold and the goldsmith banker doesn't have it to give out.
当金库没有足够的黄金时,银行就会倒闭,因为当人们开始索要黄金时,金匠银行家却拿不出来
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With a fractional reserve system you're in an unstable equilibrium.
伴随着部分准备金银行制度,英国的银行业处于一个不平稳的均衡中。
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It becomes an arm-twisting thing -because of this risk of moral hazard, the bank has a threat to take the money back and they are going to find out quickly if you, as a company, are behaving wrong.
这衍变成一种施压行为...,由于道德风险的存在,银行恐怕收不回欠款,因此,在你的公司行为不良时,他们便会迅速发现此事
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