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Normally, we do these things to keep an equilibrium among the different systems of the unconscious, but sometimes it doesn't work.
一般来说，我们会运用这些机制,去维持无意识系统的平衡，但有时防御机制也会不起作用。
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Sometimes things go awry and what happens is a phrase that's not currently used in psychology but was popular during Freud's time: hysteria.
当防卫机制不起作用时,就会造成一种病症,其名称在如今的心理学领域已经不常用到,但在弗洛伊德的时代,这是个非常流行的名称：,这就是癔症。
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Because positive psychology may mean that we are only focusing on the positive and what works, ignoring all the rest that are not.
因为积极心理学可能表示,我们只聚焦于积极的起作用的部分，忽略其余不起作用的。
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So basically, we're stuck with this verbal agreement and we both have an incentive to cheat and produce more whatever it is, sugar water.
但不管怎样,在这个口头协议不起作用,我们都有违约,生产更多这种糖水的动机
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Won't help me against other bacteria, but only against the one that I've got.
但对其他细菌却不起作用,只能抵抗我感染到的这种细菌
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As always with philosophy, there's more complicated versions of dualism where maybe the interaction doesn't work both ways, but let's just limit ourselves to good, old-fashioned, two-way interactionist dualism.
但由于我们在说的是哲学,二元论还持有更为复杂的观点,例如,交互作用对双方都不起作用,但就让我们限制在一个范围内较好,保守的,双向互动二元论观点
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I'm simply saying swap X with Y, but this 2 won't work, because where are X and Y defined?
我只简单地说交换X和Y，但是这两行不起作用，因为X和Y是在哪里定义的呢？
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Yeah. Suppose I choose it right down there I guess 0. Well, the tangent there will not even have an x intercept. So I'm really going to be dead in the water.
好，如果我选猜想数为0，好吧,这个点的切线甚至和x轴都没交点,所以在这儿这一原则,真的不起作用了。
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What this is is learning the relationships between what you do and how successful or unsuccessful they are, learning what works and what doesn't.
操作性条件作用,是在学习行为与成功,或失败程度之间的关系，学习什么行为起作用,什么行为不起作用。
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That didn't work.
那个不起作用。
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So we learned the very first time that in the Prisoner's Dilemma communication per se won't help, but in the coordination problem, which could be just as serious socially as a Prisoner's Dilemma, in a coordination problem it may well help.
在第一讲里我们就学到了,在囚徒困境中沟通不起作用,但是在和囚徒困境具有,同样重要社会意义的协和谬误中,交流却能够起到作用
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