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No, we call that work positive work. All right, so that means we need to put a negative sign right here, by convention.
历史上有过不同的习惯，这里我们规定,如果环境对系统做功。
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It varies in its structure among cells of the nervous system but all synapses have some properties in common.
突触结构因神经系统细胞不同而不同,但突触都有某些共同属性
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It has the function, in other words, of negating its own meaning in another semiotic system, in this case the semiotic system of the stoplight.
也就是说，他有这样那样的功能，在不同语义系统中表示的甚至完全相反，就像红灯表示的这些不同含义一样。
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So if you're coming from prior background, your code might work a little differently on a different system if you don't use those flags.
如果你来自一个先前的背景，如果你们没有使用这个版本标志的话，在一个不同的系统中,你的代码可能运行地不太一样。
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These systems have some built-in knowledge, and they have to do some learning, but the learning pattern varies from system to system and there's a separateness to them.
这些系统拥有部分先天知识,它们能够进行一定的学习,但学习模式因系统的不同而有所变化,它们之间也是相互独立的
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The Federal Reserve System that was created in 1913 was different in that it was independent or much more independent than central banks in other countries.
913年建立的,联邦储备金系统是不同的,因为它独立，或者说比,其他国家的中央银行独立得多。
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You're going to have to know when you describe the system, if your system is homogeneous, like your coffee with milk in it, or heterogeneous like water with an ice cube in it So heterogeneous means that you've got different phases in your system.
你要知道,当你描述一个系统时，你的系统是均匀的呢，像掺了牛奶的咖啡，那样还是非均匀的，像放了冰块的水,非均匀系统就是说,在你的系统中有不同的相存在。
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If you look at the ground state in two different systems -If you look at the ground state which is n equals one, think about this, if I increase the proton charge, the Coulombic force of attraction is greater.
如果你观察两个不同系统的基态,当你观察n，等于1的基态时，试想一下，如果我增加质子电荷，相互吸引的库仑力就会更大。
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People have tried to produce viruses that are different, adenoviruses for example, that your immune system can't recognize.
人们尝试制造一些不同的病毒,就拿腺病毒来说,让免疫系统无法识别
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Generally, you think about the immune system protecting against different classes of pathogens and several classes of pathogens are shown on this table.
大体上,你们会认为免疫系统使,我们免受不同种类病原体的侵害,这个表格里介绍了几类病原体
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If you look throughout the nervous system you would find cells that look different in different regions, because of where they're situated in the brain.
如果你仔细检视神经系统,你会发现不同部位的神经细胞,看起来不一样,这取决于它们在大脑中所处的位置
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The response to the second exposure in antigen is different in a couple of ways.
第二次接触相同抗原,免疫系统的应答,在以下几个方面是不同的
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And those words mean different things: immunogenic means that it stimulates your immune system for a response; pathogenic means that it causes a disease.
这两个词有不同的意义,免疫效应是指,刺激免疫系统产生免疫应答,致病性意指它能使你患病
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Now, one of the advantages of having second messengers is this is one way that you can integrate between different receptor systems that are acting inside a cell.
使用第二信使分子的好处在于,它能够将,作用于细胞内部不同的,受体系统结合起来
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It's not just municipal governments, but a lot of different aspects of our financial system are going to be touched by a crisis that's spreading from one segment to another.
不仅仅是地方政府,还有很多不同的金融系统领域,都要被影响,危机波及到一个领域又一个领域
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And so this slide just illustrates that in a simple way, the range of different kinds of organisms that your immune system is trying to--whoops!
这个幻灯片只是简要概括了,各种不同微生物的范围,你的免疫系统正在尝试,噢
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That shouldn't be too surprising given what we talked about last week, that your immune system, the adaptive immune system in particular, responds to individual antigens differently.
你们不必惊讶,上周我们讲过免疫系统,特别是适应性免疫系统,对不同抗原的应答是具有特异性的
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Because it's working to defend us against many different kinds of potential assaults, the immune system has a diverse repertoire of responses that it uses in the face of these assaults.
免疫系统的工作就是抵御,不同种类的潜在威胁,免疫系统具备类型众多的免疫反应类型,以应对各种威胁
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The real difference between Federal Reserve Bank System of 1913 the most important difference and the Federal Reserve System of today is that we are no longer on the gold standard.
913年的联邦储备银行系统与,当今的联邦储备银行系统之间3,不同点在于,最重要的不同点,我们不再以金本位为基础了。
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Sometimes second messengers collect signals from a variety of different receptor systems, translate them into one kind of internal change, and the cell then just has to know about that one thing changing.
第二信使分子能够收集,来自不同受体系统的信号,将它们转化为同一种细胞内在的变化,这样细胞就只需对一种变化作出反应
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One thing that's been a trend around the world is that the I mentioned that the U.S. Federal Reserve System was different from other central banks in that it was designed to have independence.
一个在世界范围内,流行的事实是,我提到过美国联邦储备系统,与其他中央银行不同,因为它有独立自主性。
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> What exactly is the difference with this system that we have here of compiling and say another compiler for one like the C++?
>在这个系统上编译,跟在我们这编译有什么不同吗？,也就是说，有没有其他的编译器供C++等语言使用？
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You can ask them to read French and to read Spanish and you can find different locations in the brain that are involved in processing of those different languages.
如果让他看法语和西班牙语,我们就能看到不同的大脑区域,对应不同的语言系统
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The nervous system does the same thing in a different way.
神经系统也传递信号,但原理有所不同
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So there's p v work and it's given by the integral minus p external dv or just the integral from one to two of dw.
我们知道对于pv系统来说,功w可以写成黑板上的两种不同形式。
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