No, we call that work positive work. All right, so that means we need to put a negative sign right here, by convention.

历史上有过不同的习惯，这里我们规定,如果环境对系统做功。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We talked about mitosis last time; it's described more completely in the chapter, where two cells are formed from one.

我们上节课说到过有丝分裂,在那一章里更详细的阐释了,细胞是怎么由一生二的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's not infrequent that i'll get one or even two people raising their hand that they took Economics 252 from me.

有的时候会有一两个人,举起手说,他们上过我的经济学252号课

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

You have billboards; when you guys were in high school, how many of you had high schools with soft drink machines in them?

你们在上高中时,见过公告板吧,你们当中有多少人,在高中校园里见过饮料贩卖机

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

Who is the third year in biology, chemistry, have film experience and French film classsics.

你是三年级的，修生物和化学，有上过电影课和法国经典电影。

麻省理工公开课 - 电影哲学课程节选

So this game has a name, and actually somebody mentioned it last time.

像这样的博弈有个术语,上一讲也有人提到过

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And in fact, there have been, historically, some cases of this.

事实上,历史上曾有过一些这样的例子

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

How many of you have had a philosophy class before?

你们中有多少人以前上过哲学课？

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Remember last time, I said that there's different kinds of complexity in our code, and I suggested for simple branching programs, the amount of time it takes to run that program is, in essence, bounded by the number of instructions, because you only execute each instruction at most once.

但是这里有个很重要的点,记得上节课，我提过在我们的代码中，有不同种类的复杂度，而且我还说了对于简单的分支程序,运行这种程序需要的总体时间,大体上，是和指令的数目相关的,因为每个指令只会被执行最多一次。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

More than any time in America's history.

这种现象美国历史上从未有过。

普林斯顿公开课 - 国际座谈会课程节选

So might have been seen long and that might be correct on some servers, but very, very often the data type called "long" is actually 4 bytes.

你们有可能看到过long，那个在一些服务器上是正确的,但是非常，非常普遍的是，那个叫做“long“的数据类型,只占有4个字节。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

When I give a talk on Wall Street or even somewhere else in the world I sometimes ask my audience, "Did you take my course?"

当我在华尔街做讲座时,或者是世界上其他的地方,有时候我会问我的听众,你们有谁上过我的课吗

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Some people said of him in real life he had a little button nose. I don't know from some pictures of the look, if they were without make-up.

有人说在现实生活中，他的鼻子,有一点塌，我不知道是否有,没画过妆的照片上有他原本的样子。

麻省理工公开课 - 电影哲学课程节选

Maybe this isn't exactly insider trading, this is more fraud but in--what year was this?

也许这不算是真正意义上的内幕交易,不过欺诈手段比内幕交易有过之无不及

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

This is a terribly stressful experiment to do to people and, as I say now about a lot of studies that I describe in this class, it would not today be done.

这些在人身上进行的实验非常有压力,正如我说过，有很多,我在课堂上讲过的实验，在今天都是不能进行的。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

There will probably be a few of you who are here in the class who weren't here before so I'll mention a few things in just a moment about class requirements again.

也许在座的同学当中,有一部分人没有上过前面的课,所以我快速简单地回顾一下,课程要求

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

As far as I know, he doesn't publish he's not in the newspapers, but he's gotten the ear of the Treasury Secretary They spent many weekends together figuring out what should be done about the system and they wrote up a proposal.

据我所知，他从没出过书,也没有上过新闻，但他却有当财政部长的潜质,他花了数周的时间来搞清楚,对于现在的美国金融体系,该怎么改革然后书写成书。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Well one reason I want to go back is you'll notice I've been putting up these lines on the board and when we visited elections on the second day, we said that you could think of that line on the board, as being not just left wing, right wing politics but also some dimension of products.

原因之一是我想你们将注意到,我在黑板上画了一条线,当我学习第二天学习的选举时,我们讲过你们可以想象黑板上有条线,不仅是左派和右派的政治家,还可以是某种产品特性

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选